ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مالکیت فکری در پروژه های تحقیق و توسعه مشارکتی با بودجه عمومی
مسائل مرتبط با دارایی ها و مالکیت فکری در حوزه پژوهش و نوآوری نقش مهمی ایفا می کنند. بویژه در مورد پژوهش ها و پروژه هایی که با مشارکت مؤسسات پژوهشی، دانشگاه ها و بخش های مختلف انجام می گیرند و نحوه شناسایی، مدیریت و تعیین مالکیت فکری نتایج و نوآوری های ایجاد شده، نیازمند تدابیر ویژه ای است؛ تا هم منافع کلیه طرف ها حفظ شود و هم بیشترین بازده حاصل شود. در این پژوهش به بررسی مسائل مرتبط با دارایی های فکری پروژه های تحقیق و توسعه مشارکتی که علاوه بر مشارکت نهادهای پژوهشی و صنایع، از بودجه های عمومی و دولتی هم بهره مند هستند، پرداخته شده است. به این منظور مطالعه تطبیقی بین دو نمونه از برنامه های جاری در سطح جهان یعنی برنامه افق 2020 اتحادیه اروپا و برنامه مراکز پژوهش مشارکتی استرالیا انجام شده است. این دو برنامه به دلیل سابقه طولانی و بهبود مستمر در تنظیمات مرتبط با دارایی ها و مالکیت فکری برای انجام مطالعه، انتخاب شده اند و کلیه اسناد و مستندات مرتبط با دارایی های فکری در این برنامه ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بر اساس مطالعه تطبیقی انجام شده مراحل، گام ها و مسائل اصلی مرتبط با دارایی ها و مالکیت فکری در این گونه پروژه ها استخراج شده است که شامل سه مرحله پیش از آغاز، اجرا و پایان مشارکت هستند. این مراحل به ترتیب مشتمل بر پنج، سه و سه گام هستند که در هر گام مسائل اصلی و مهم مورد توجه در رابطه با دارایی ها و مالکیت فکری شناسایی شده اند. این مسائل شناسایی شده در هر گام و مرحله، می توانند راهنمای عملی برای مدیریت دارایی های فکری در طرح ها و پروژه های تحقیق و توسعه مشارکتی باشند که از طریق منابع و بودجه های عمومی تأمین مالی می شوند؛ تا از این طریق کلیه جوانب مربوط به دارایی های فکری و همچنین منافع و اهداف طرف های مشارکت مدنظر قرار گرفته و به نحو شایسته تأمین گردد.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13886_1732662beac59cd901a1cae99b2ed536.pdf
2021-05-22
1
19
10.22034/rahyaft.2021.10589.1179
تحقیق و توسعه مشارکتی
مالکیت فکری
برنامه افق 2020
برنامه مراکز پژوهش مشارکتی
بودجه عمومی
سمیرا
ندیر خانلو
nadirkhanlou@nrisp.ac.ir
1
دانشجوی دکترای سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مهدی
گودرزی
mehdigdrz@gmail.com
2
دانشیار مدیریت تکنولوژی، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
آرش
موسوی
arashmoussavi_ir@yahoo.com
3
استادیار سیاست گذاری علم و فناوری، گروه سیاست علوم و تحقیقات، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
محمد
ابویی اردکان
abooyee@ut.ac.ir
4
دانشیار مدیریت سیستم ها، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
سپهر
قاضی نوری
ghazinoory@modares.ac.ir
5
استاد مهندسی صنایع، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ایران
AUTHOR
[1] Wang B., Chai K-H., Subramanian A. M. Roots and development of intellectual property management research: A bibliometric review, World Patent Information, 2015; 40: 10-20
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[2] Granstrand O. Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights. in Fagerberg, Jan, Movery, David and Nelson, Richard (editors), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, oxford university press, 2004.
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[4] Omidvar O., Collaboration for reseach and development: understanding absorbtive capacity and learning in R&D consortia across phases, levels, and boundaries, Ph.D. thesi, 2013.
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[6] Hanebuth A., Klossek A., IP Management in the triple helix context: Evidence from a German research project; Triple Helix 9TH International Conference; Stanford University, 11-14 July 2011.
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Center Publications, Tehran, 2005.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
بیان ماهیت و ارایه مدل استقرار ناحیه نوآوری: پژوهشی فراترکیب با استفاده از متن کاوی
نواحی نوآوری به عنوان ماهیت های ایجادکننده و اشاعه دهنده زیست بوم نوآوری در سال های اخیر بسیار مورد توجه دانشگاهیان، پژوهشگران، سیاست گذاران و کسب وکارها قرارگرفته اند. این پژوهش قصد دارد تا با نگاهی عمیق به زیرساخت های ایجاد کننده نواحی نوآوری، درک کاملی از رویکردهای اصلی ایجادکننده آنان، ماهیت و خط سیر زمانی توسعه و درنهایت مدل استقرار آنان بپردازد. به دلیل ماهیت چندرشته ای و چند بعدی ادبیات پیشین، این پژوهش از روش فراترکیب استفاده می نماید. حجم زیاد مطالب و نیاز به دقت کافی، ما را برآن داشت تا از روش نوین داده کاوی نیز برای استخراج گویه ها و بررسی بسامدتکرار آن ها در منابع استفاده نماییم. یافته های این پژوهش در گام نخست، شاخص های مورد نیاز برای ایجاد زیست بوم نوآوری منتج به ناحیه و در گام دوم، مفهوم، ماهیت، پاردایم های ایجادی و توسعه ای و در نهایت مدل استقرار ناحیه نوآوری بر اساس پارادایم های بالادستی را آشکار می سازد. دستاوردهای این پژوهش برای علم ورزان، سیاست گذاران و افراد اجرایی فعال در حوزه های آموزش عالی، کسب وکار و فناوری از آن جهت مهم است که نقش، جایگاه، زنجیره ارزش و زیرساخت های تمامی عناصر را در کنار هم و در یک نظام یکپارچه به تصویر می کشد.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13883_2b731bcb43d9493e372972dba0398927.pdf
2021-05-22
21
41
10.22034/rahyaft.2021.10590.1177
ناحیه نوآوری
زیست بوم نوآوری
سیاست گذاری فناوری
آموزش عالی
مدیریت نوآوری
امیر
عسگری
asgari.amir89@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکترای مدیریت آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
علی
خورسندی طاسکوه
khorsandi444@gmail.com
2
استادیار رشته آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
سعید
غیاثی ندوشن
ghiasi.saeed@gmail.com
3
استادیار رشته آموزش عالی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
سید سروش
قاضی نوری
ghazinoori@gmail.com
4
دانشیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
محمدصادق
خیاطیان یزدی
khayyatian@yahoo.com
5
استادیار گروه سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
نوآوری مسئولانه مشخصه ها، چالش ها و ساز و کارهای پیاده سازی آن
نوآوری مسئولانه به معنای احساس مسئولیت تمام ذینعان یک نوآوری در قبال اثرات اجتماعی، اخلاقی و زیست محیطی آن است. روند شتابان شکلگیری نوآوریها و گستردگی و نرخ بالای نفوذ آنها، خصوصا در حوزههای زیست فناوری و فناوریهای ارتباطات و اطلاعات، اتخاذ رویکرد نوآوری مسئولانه را ضروری میسازد. مقاله حاضر، با هدف معرفی و ترویج این مفهوم، به روش توصیفی- مروری و بر مبنای مطالعات کتابخانهای و بررسی متون و ادبیات این حوزه تدوین شده است. این پژوهش، ضمن تعریف دقیق مفهوم نوآوری مسئولانه و بررسی سیر تکامل آن، به چالشها و ساز و کارهای پیاده سازی آن میپردازد. یافتههای مقاله حاکی از آنست که در نوآوری مسئولانه، جهتدهی به نوآوری، پیش از پیدایش آن (رویکرد پیشنگر) از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار است. هدف از جهتدهی، فراتر از کاهش اثرات زیانبار اجتماعی، اخلاقی و زیست محیطی نوآوری است: جهت-دهی به نوآوریها برای رفع ابرچالشهای جامعه و کمک به نوآوران، از ابتدای فرآیند نوآوری برای لحاظ کردن دغدغهها و معیارهای پذیرش اجتماعی و در نتیجه پیشگیری ازعدم استقبال جامعه و شکست نوآوری است. نکته مهم دیگر مورد تاکید این مقاله اینست که از آنجاییکه در نوآوری مسئولانه، تنها ناظر بر نوآوری، نهاد متمرکز حاکمیتی (دولتی) نیست، بلکه کلیه ذینفعان یک نوآوری مسئول هستند، شفاف بودن فرآیند نوآوری برای همه ذینفعان، ضروری است و برای برقراری این مهم، وجود قوانین مالکیت فکری از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار می-گردد. ضرورت ایجاد حکمرانی نوآوری در برقراری نوآوری مسئولانه، از دیگر نکات مورد تاکید این مقاله است که با تسهیل در مشارکت ذینفعان و به کارگیری منشور اخلاقی، استانداردها و مجوزها امکانپذیر میگردد.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13882_a5d9d65ef5d771a258eea8cecb6906f1.pdf
2021-05-22
43
58
10.22034/rahyaft.2021.10584.1175
نوآوری مسئولانه
ذینفعان
پذیرش اجتماعی
لیلا
منصوری فر
mansourifar@itrc.ac.ir
1
پژوهشگر پژوهشگاه ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
مژگان
سمندر علی اشتهاردی
samandar@nrisp.ac.ir
2
عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور
AUTHOR
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48
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
علم باز و اخلاق: تبیین ظرفیتها، و موانع دستیابی
هدف: تاکید علم باز بر شفافیت در ارائه داده، روش، یافته هر اقدامی است که در چرخه علم صورت می-پذیرد، و میکوشد تا از تعصب، تبعیض، سوگیری سهوی، و عمدی جلوگیری کند، لیکن نیل به علم باز به-صورت همهجانبه، ممکن است نگرانیهایی را از بُعد اخلاقی ایجاد نماید. این اثر ضمن تبیین علم باز، به بررسی ظرفیتها، و موانع دستیابی به آن در جوامع پرداخته، مباحث اخلاقی پیرامون آن را موشکافانه بررسی کرده، و توصیههای سیاستی مربوط به اخلاقِ علم باز را پیشنهاد داده است. روش: مقاله حاضر به روش کتابخانهای و مبتنی بر بوده است، و نمونههای عملیِ رویایی علم باز و اخلاق در چرخه علم در دنیا را ارائه داده است. یافتهها: علم باز حرکتی همهجانبه است تا تمام اجزاء یک فعالیت یا اثر علمی از ابتدا تا انتها برای همه اقشار جامعه در دسترس باشد، و سه مولفه اصلی داده باز، ارتباطات علمی باز، و دسترسی آزاد را در بر میگیرد. اجرای همه جانبه علم باز نیازمند بسترسازی و فرهنگسازی در میان همه ارکان جامعه، از تولیدکننده علم تا مخاطبان آن است. نتیجهگیری: علم باز ترویج شفافیت، تکرارپذیری نتایج، و افزایش دامنه انتشار علم را به دنبال دارد، و برای حصول این اهداف، توجه به ملاحظات حقوقی و اخلاقی الزامی است. بر این اساس، توصیههای سیاستی شدهاند تا جوامع بهسوی علمِ باز مسئولانه حرکت کنند.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13812_da57cbf241355929b791aa8056572c4c.pdf
2021-05-22
59
72
10.22034/rahyaft.2020.10443.1145
علم آزاد
علم همگانی
اخلاق انتشار
سیاستها
علم بازِ مسئولانه
شیما
مرادی
moradi@nrisp.ac.ir
1
استادیار، علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، گروه پژوهشی ارزیابی سیاستها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمیکشور، تهران، ایرانن
LEAD_AUTHOR
ساجده
عبدی
sajedeh.abdi@shahed.ac.ir
2
کارشناس ارشد علمسنجی، گروه ارزیابی سیاستها و پایش علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه تطبیقی راهبردها و سیاستهای امنیت انرژی کشورهای منتخب و درسآموختههایی برای ایران
به نظر میرسد محققان تاکنون با رویکردی مقایسهای به اسناد راهبردی امنیت انرژی کشورهای پیشرو توجه نداشتهاند. بر این مبنا هدف این نوشتار، مطالعه تطبیقی راهبردها و سیاستهای امنیت انرژی کشورهای منتخب جهت ارایه درسآموختههایی برای امنیت انرژی ایران است. رویکرد این پژوهش مطالعه تطبیقی و هدف آن توصیفی-تطبیقی مبتنی بر مقالات، کتابها و اسناد راهبردی است. نمونه در دسترس در این مطالعه مشتمل بر هشت کشور شامل کشورهای پیشرو در شاخصهای امنیت انرژی شامل آمریکا، ژاپن، دانمارک، روسیه و بعضی از رقبای منطقهای ایران شامل ترکیه، رژیم صهیونیستی، عربستان، عراق و قطر انتخاب شده است. در این پژوهش پس از بررسی مسئله تحقیق، به مقایسه شباهتها و تفاوتها کشورهای مورد مطالعه از منظر سیاستهای امنیت انرژی پرداخته شده است. یافتههای این پژوهش نشان میدهد مهمترین درسآموختههای کشورهای موفق در حوزه امنیت انرژی شامل توجه مستمر دولتها و درک ضرورت ارتقای امنیت انرژی در ذهن دولتمردان؛ توجه برنامهریزان و سیاستگذاران به تغییرات مفهوم و ابعاد امنیت انرژی و بازنگری راهبردها در بخش انرژی با توجه به شرایط جدید پیشرو؛ توجه به بافت و ظرفیتهای هر منطقه در سیاستگذاری در حوزه امنیت انرژی؛ هماهنگی، سازگاری و همراستایی سیاستها و راهبردهای تدوین شده در حوزه امنیت انرژی؛ و ساز و کارهای پیگیری و نظارت مشخص برای تقویت امنیت انرژی است.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13881_d65cb413ee7db6ce820bb33de532d5e3.pdf
2021-05-22
73
90
10.22034/rahyaft.2020.10442.1146
امنیت انرژی
مطالعه تطبیقی
راهبردهای انرژی
علیرضا
نصر اصفهانی
a.r.nasresfahani@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی دکترای آیندهپژوهی، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، گروه آیندهپژوهی، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
ناصر
باقری مقدم
bagheri@nrisp.ac.ir
2
استادیار، گروه سیاست فناوری نواوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
اثر شاخص ترکیبی اقتصاد دانشبنیان بر کنترل بیکاری (مطالعه موردی استانهای ایران)
اقتصادی که در ساختار آن دانش نهادینه شده باشد، میتواند مطابق با مقتضیات زمان، به مهارت و تخصص، خلاقیت و نوآوری دست یابد و کسب این ویژه گی ها موجب افزایش بهرهوری، افزایش درآمدها و اشتغال، رشد اقتصادی و کاهش بیکاری خواهد شد. بنابر این با توجه به اهمیت و کارایی دانش در ساختار اقتصادی، هدف این تحقیق؛ بررسی اثر شاخص ترکیبی اقتصاد دانشبنیان بر بیکاری در استانهای ایران میباشد که با استفاده از داده های سالهای ۱۳۹۰-۱۳۹۷ با رویکرد دادههای تابلویی از روش حداقل مربعات کاملا اصلاح شده، انجام شده است. نتایج بدست آمده نشان میدهد که بین شاخص ترکیبی اقتصاد دانشبنیان و بیکاری، رابطه منفی و معنادار وجود دارد. به نحوی که باافزایش اقتصاد دانش بنیان در استان های ایران بیکاری کاهش می یابد. همچنین افزایش مخارج عمرانی دولت، تولید ناخالص داخلی و صادرات باعث کاهش نرخ بیکاری در استانها میشود و افزایش نابرابری و تورم در کشور اثر معکوس بر بیکاری دارد. بنابراین سیاستگذاران اقتصادی کشور درکنار سیاستهای توسعه صادرات و رونق اقتصادی در مناطق می بایست سیاستهای توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان را در دستور کار خود قرار دهند.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13885_ccdc3ccda9708ce4637a104a8f82c951.pdf
2021-05-22
91
108
10.22034/rahyaft.2021.10593.1180
شاخص های ترکیبی اقتصاد دانشبنیان
بیکاری
داده های تابلویی
روش حداقل مربعات کاملا اصلاح شده
محمد
غفاری فرد
mghaffaryfard@abu.ac.ir
1
دانشگاه بین المللی اهل بیت
LEAD_AUTHOR
هاشم
ملکی نصر
malekynasr@gmail.com
2
دانشگاه بین المللی اهل بیت
AUTHOR
سید محمد
حاذق
mohammad.hazeq5566@gmail.com
3
دانشگاه بین المللی اهل بیت
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مطالعه مروری از کاربردها و روشهای آیندهنگاری در سیاستگذاری سلامت: تجارب بینالمللی و اقتضائات ملی
هدف: اهمیت زمینههای مرتبط با حوزه سلامت بهعنوان دغدغه اصلی صاحبنظران، سیاستگذاران و متولیان نظام سلامت بر کسی پوشیده نیست. فقدان رویکرد آیندهنگرانه در سیاستگذاری و برنامهریزی سلامت کشور، احتمال ظهور مشکلات سیستمی و تبعات هزینهای را افزایش میدهد. آیندهپژوهی در سلامت با مطالعه، تحقیق و بررسی نظاممند معطوف به زمان آینده، عوامل کلیدی و محیط درون و برون سیستمی را شناسایی کرده و با اتکا به فهم ظرفیتهای آتی، کمک شایانی در امر تصمیمگیری مینماید. روش: در این مقاله نویسندگان با مرور طرحهای داخلی و خارجی آیندهپژوهی در سلامت و توسعه تحقیقاتی پیرامون آن، مهمترین و رایجترین روشهای آیندهاندیشی در حوزه سلامت را استخراج کرده و با استفاده از منطق ریختشناسی، نتایجی در خصوص حوزههای کاربری آنها گردآوری کردهاند. با توجه به نیاز سیاستمداران و تصمیمگیران عرصه سلامت کشور، در این مقاله اجمالاً مصادیق کاربردی و نحوه کاربست روشهای اصلی آیندهپژوهی در حوزه سلامت عرضه شده و بر اساس آنها و مصاحبههای خبرگانی و پنل کارشناسی، مقایسه صورت گرفته است. به کمک مطالعات مروری و تطبیقی، امکان مقایسه و تشخیص نقاط قوت و ضعف هر روش بهدست آمده است و نتایج آن در جدولی ارائه شده است. یافتهها و نتیجهگیری: کاربست روشهای آیندهپژوهی در نظام سلامت ملی ایران میتواند بهمنزله سیستم هشداردهندهای برای آگاهی از فرصتها و تهدیدات پیش از بحران، یا مطالعات پشتیبان و تصمیمیار نظام سلامت بهحساب آید. اگر فهم و تسلطی بر نحوه و شرایط پیادهسازی تکنیکها به وجود آید، آنگاه میتوان به مزیت آیندهنگری در نظام سلامت امیدوار بود و زمینهای برای جایگزین ساختن رویکرد پیشگیرانه بهجای واکنشگری در سیاستهای سلامت کشور ایجاد نمود.
https://rahyaft.nrisp.ac.ir/article_13884_94ab791ecb0569a952e7f46c558ab2fd.pdf
2021-05-22
109
133
10.22034/rahyaft.2021.10513.1162
آیندهنگاری
روشهای آیندهنگاری
تصمیمگیری
نظام سلامت
خدمات بهداشت و درمانی
محمدصادق
صدیقی
sadeqsediqi@aut.ac.ir
1
گروه آینده پژوهی، دانشکده مدیریت علم و فناوری، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر (پلی تکنیک تهران)، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
احمد
برومند کاخکی
aborumandk70@yahoo.com
2
معاون پژوهشی پژوهشکده چشمانداز و آیندهپژوهی
LEAD_AUTHOR
سعید
اصغری
saeedasghari1988@gmail.com
3
مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشکده مدیریت، اقتصاد و مهندسی پیشرفت، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران
AUTHOR
شهرام
توفیقی
shr_tofighi@yahoo.com
4
عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بقیة الله اعظم (عج)، تهران- عضو گروه آیندهنگری، نظریه پردازی و رصد کلان فرهنگستان علوم پزشکی،
AUTHOR
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