نقش وابستگی به مسیر در ناکارآمدی نظام‌های ملی نوآوری

نویسنده

استادیار، رشته سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، گروه سیاست اطلاعات، پژوهشکده جامعه و اطلاعات، پژوهشگاه علوم و فناوری اطلاعات ایران (ایرانداک)، تهران، ایران

چکیده

نوآوری فرایندی است که اجزای متعددی با روابط پیچیده با یکدیگر در آن دخیل‌اند. کلیه اجزای نوآوری و روابط میان آنها، تحت تأثیر محیط پیرامونی قرار می‌گیرند. بنابراین مباحث نوآوری، مستلزم دیدگاهی سیستمی است که با جامعیت لازم همراه باشد. نزدیک به سه دهه است که به منظور مواجهه سیستمی با پیچیدگی‌های نوآوری، راهکار نظام ملی نوآوری مطرح شده است. نظام‌ ملی نوآوری، مجموعه‌ای از نهادهای به هم پیوسته است که دانش، مهارت‌ها و خلاقیت‌هایی که منجر به فناوری‌های جدید می‌شوند را خلق، انباشت و انتقال می‌دهد. بخش عمده‌ای از ناکارآمدی و فقدان اثربخشی نظام‌های ملی نوآوری، ناشی از وابستگی آنها به مسیر حرکت گذشته و به اصطلاح قفل‌شدن آنها در مسیر گذشته است. بنابراین جلوگیری از بروز این پدیده در هر اقتصادی ضروری است. لازمه این امر، شناخت ابعاد و جنبه‌های مختلف این پدیده است. در همین راستا، این مقاله با روش مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و از طریق بررسی متون و ادبیات این حوزه،‌ به تفصیل به این موضوع می‌پردازد و کلیه ابعاد آن را شناسایی می‌کند. نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که وابستگی به مسیر1 در نظام‌های ملی نوآوری را می‌توان به دو نوع وابستگی به مسیر فناورانه و وابستگی به مسیر نهادی طبقه‌بندی کرد. هر یک از انواع وابستگی به مسیر می‌تواند ناشی از تاریخ و یا‌ بازخورد مثبت باشد. در این مطالعه ضمن تشریح انواع وابستگی به مسیر در نظام‌های ملی نوآوری منبع و دلایل هر یک از آنها تشریح شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Role of Path Dependency in the Inefficiency of National Innovation Systems

نویسنده [English]

  • lila namdarian
Assistant Professor of Science and Technology Policy, Information and Society Research Department, Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Innovation is a process in which multiple components with complicated relationships are involved. All components of innovation and the relationships between them are influenced by the peripheral environment. Thus, Innovation should be considered with a holistic and systemic approach. For nearly three decades, the national innovation system approach has raised to confront the complexities of innovation. The national innovation system is an interconnected set of institutions that create, accumulate and transfer knowledge, skills, and creativity and lead to new technologies. Much of the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the national innovation system is due to its path dependency, so-called lock-in the past path. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent this phenomenon in any economy. Understanding the various dimensions and aspects of this phenomenon is essential for this. In this regard, this article studies this concept in detail by reviewing the related literature and identifies all its dimensions. The results of this study show that path dependency in national innovation systems can be classified into both technology path dependency and institutional path dependency. Any type of path dependency can be due to history or positive feedback. In this study, in addition to describing the types of path dependency in the national innovation system, the source and reasons for each are described.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • National Innovation System
  • Inefficiency
  • Technology Path Dependency
  • Institutional Path Dependency
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