غربالگری سریع ناقلین ویروس کرونااز طریق سیستم‌های فاضلابی در جهت ارزیابی و مدیریت زودهنگام بیماری کوید-19

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده شیمی-دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علو پایه زنجان-زنجان-ایران

2 ، شیمی آلی ، دانشکده شیمی دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی علوم پایه زنجان، ایران

چکیده

شیوع ویروس کرونا جدید ناشی از عفونت سارس-کو-2 (بیماری کووید-19 )، که از شهر ووهان در چین آغاز شد، به سرعت در سراسر جهان گسترش یافت. برخی از ناقلین این ویروس ممکن است بدون عارضه و علائم عفونی باشند و بدون توانایی غربالگری سریع و مؤثر این بیماران بدون علامت، این ناقلین بدون شک قادر به افزایش خطر انتقال بیماری به سایرین در صورت عدم اجرای اقدامات اولیه قرنطینه هستند. در آینده، این ویروس کرونای جدید ممکن است به یک ویروس مسری فصلی دیگری تبدیل شود. بدون توانایی غربالگری بیماران بدون علامت و در صورت عدم اجرای اقدامات اولیه قرنطینه بدون شک منجر به افزایش خطر انتقال بیماری خواهیم بود. بنابراین، برای ردیابی منابع ناشناخته این بیماری، غربالگری سریع و دقیق ناقلین، یک گام اساسی برای مداخله و پیشگیری در مراحل اولیه است. به دلیل محدودیت‌های اقتصادی و عملی غربالگری بالینی کووید-19 در سراسر جهان، اپیدمیولوژی مبتنی بر فاضلاب می‌تواند به عنوان یک ابزار بالقوه برای شناسایی زودهنگام ویروس برای ارزیابی و مدیریت بیماری در جهت اتخاذ اقدامات سریع در صورت بروز موج جدیدکووید-19 در آینده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Rapid screening of coronavirus vectors through waste water systems for early assessment and management of covid-19 disease

نویسندگان [English]

  • Babak Kaboudin 1
  • Seyedehsajedeh Alavai 2
1 Department of Chemistry-IASBS-Zanjan-Iran
2 Department of Chemistry, IASBS, Zanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

The outbreak of COVID-19 disease, caused by a corona virus (related to SARS-CoV-2 infection), which is widely declared stated to be emerged from Wuhan in China, is spreading very rapidly worldwide since then. Almost from the beginning, it was noticed that asymptomatic carriers of the virus did exist, and consequently it became clear that without being able to screen these carriers quickly and effectively, they would considerably increase the risk of virus transmission to healthy individuals would increase exponentially, if early quarantine measures were not taken into account. Therefore, to track also these sources of the disease, rapid and accurate screening of these seemingly healthy carriers is considered to be an essential step for early intervention and prevention of COVID-19. Considering present economic aspects and also acute practical limitations in clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 worldwide, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is suggested could be of value as a potential path for early detection of the disease which consequently could be of great value in the management of COVID-19 pandemic. This would hopefully help global community in general and medical practitioners specifically, to take prompt steps in controlling the spread of COVID-19 in the meantime and in the future.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corona virus
  • Covid-19
  • Epidemiology
  • Waste water
  • Screening
[1]   World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. (2020 February 16). Available at: https://covid19.who.int/
[2]   Wang C. Horby PW. Hayden FG. Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 470−473.
[3]   Weber DJ. Rutala WA. Fischer WA. Kanamori H. Sickbert-Bennett EE. Emerging infectious diseases: Focus oninfection control issues for novel coronaviruses (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-CoV), hemorrhagic fever viruses (Lassa and Ebola), and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, A(H5N1) and A(H7N9). American Journal of Infection Control. 2016; 44 (5): E91−E100.
[4]   Pan Y. Zhang D. Yang P. Poon LLM. Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2020; 20 (4): 411-412.
[5]   Zhang J. Wang S. Xue Y. Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020; 92 (6): 680-682.
[6]   Casanova L. Rutala WA. Weber DJ. Sobsey MD. Survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water. Water Research. 2009; 43 (7): 1893−1898.
[7]   Peiris JSM. Chu CM. Cheng VCC. Chan KS.Hung IFN. Poon LLM.et al. Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study. The Lancet. 2003; 361(9371):1767-1772.
[8]   Quilliam RS. Weidmann M. Moresco V. Purshouse H. O'Hara Z. Oliver DM. COVID-19: The environmental implications of shedding SARS-CoV-2 in human faeces. Environment International, 2020; 140: 105790.
[9]   Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. WHO/2019-nCoV/IPC_WASH/2020.4.
[10]    Hart OE. Halden RU. Computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 surveillance by wastewater-based epidemiology locally and globally: Feasibility, economy, opportunities and challengesScience of the Total Environment. 2020; 730 (2020): 138875.
[11]    New York Times, 2020. Available at: https://nyti.ms/3epjZ6y
[12]    Chavarria-Miró G. Anfruns-Estrada E. Guix S. Paraira M. Galofré B. Gloria Sáanchez G. et al. Sentinel surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater anticipates the occurrence of COVID-19 cases. 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.13.20129627.
[13]    Kazama S. Miura T. Masago Y. Konta Y. Tohma K.; Manaka T. et al. Environmental Surveillance of Norovirus Genogroups I and II for Sensitive Detection of Epidemic Variants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2017; 83 (9): 1.
[14]    Medema G. Heijnen L. Elsinga G. Italiaander R. Brouwer A. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in Sewage. medRxiv. 2020;DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.29.20045880.
[15]    AhmedaW. Angel N. Edson J. Bibby K. Bivins A. O’Brien JW. et al. First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community. Science of the Total Environment.2020; 728: 138764.
[16]    Lodder W. Husman dR. Maria A. 2020. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source. Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2020; 5 (6): 533-534.
[17]    Medema G. Heijnen L. Elsinga G. Italiaander R. 2020. Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in Sewage. medRxiv. 2020; DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.29.20045880
[18]    Wu F. Xiao A. Zhang J. Gu X. Lee WL. Kauffman K. et al. SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases. medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.04.05.20051540.
[19]    Corpuz M. V. A. Buonerba A. Vigliotta G. Zarra T. Ballesteros Jr F. Campiglia P. et al. Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods. 2020; 745: 140910.
[20]    Daughton C. The international imperative to rapidly and inexpensively monitor community-wide Covid-19 infection status and trends. The Science of the Total Environment 2020; 726: 138149.