Requiem for Article; Eight Generations of Authentic Articles in the Humanities and Social Sciences

Authors

1 Researcher of Technology Studies Institute

2 Faculty member of NRISP

Abstract

The scientific growth in Iran has been Deceptive. Its prideful indicators along with disturbing evidence have become a paradox. There are contradictory signs of it. Iran is a country of fifty thousand scientific articles that's 50 times as much in twenty years. Its growth rate has exceeded fast developmenting countries like China, Korea, and Turkey. Nearly 1,800 magazines are often quarterly, continue to increase yearly plenty of articles to the archive of Iranian knowledge archive. Articles with several million citations. Twenty percent of Iranian scientific papers are written by an international contributing author. Iran's contribution to the human and social knowledge of the world according to the publication of articles increased from about 0.4% in 2012 to 0.7% in 2018. It is a sharp turn: Publish or Perish! But what is the result? A huge machine that has an annual financial turnover of more than 1000 billion Tomans. Its fuel is 800,000 postgraduate students plus over eighty thousand faculty members. The manufactoral model is the automatic production of student-faculty articles. The student writes and the faculty sees! Its gears are the regulations that count the papers and gives degree. Counts again and gives the academic rank of a faculty member. Again counts and determines other ranks. Again, the myth of counting, counting and still counting. Sometimes even systematic corruption breaks out in the process of producing and publishing these articles. But one thing remains unclear; what is the social impact of these articles? What helps to promote Iranian national knowledge and awareness? What contribution does it make to people's everyday life around the country and the sustainable development of this land? What national added value does it bring? Where are the humanities and social science articles In this case? There are a variety of ways to test the quality of performance. One way is to compare them with benchmark performance from the past to the present. In this article, eight generations of authentic articles in the humanities and social sciences that has been published for the past two centuries in Akhtar to Bukhara are set as benchmark performance for criticism of the current mass of official papers in journals called scientific journals. Probably at least ten types of traumatic tendencies cause a form of inertia. Reduces hope for the quality of articles in humanities and social science and the social impact of these articles: the centrality of quantity, formalism, ritualism, stateism, the centrality of supply, subsistence, officiality, behaviorism/ centrality of administrative duty, managerialism, and the problem of ivory tower.

Keywords


[1] Barpujari, I “Public Engagement in Emerging Technologies”. Issues for India. ENGAGEMENTS, 123. 2011
[2] Sylvester, D. J., Abbott, K. W., & Marchant, G. E. “Not again! Public perception,regulation,and nanotechnology”. Regulation & Governance, 3(2), 165-185. 2009
[3] Sismondo, S.” An introduction to science and technology studies” (Vol. 1): Wiley-Blackwell Chichester. 2010
[4] Burningham, K., & Cooper, G. “Being constructive: Social constructionism and the environment”. Sociology1999, 33(2), 296-316.
 [5] Irwin, A. “Citizen science: A study of people, expertise and sustainable development” Psychology Press. 1995
[6] Lengwiler, M. “Participatory approaches in science and technology: Historical origins and current practices in critical perspective”. Science, Technology, & Human Values2008, 33(2), 186-200.
[7] SAPKOTA, B. N. “Building Partnerships for Reforms in the Nepalese Bureaucracy”. REFORMS IN THE NEPALESE BUREAUCRACY, (1997b) ,7( 1) 43-49.
[8] OECD. Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities. Paris: OECD Publishing.
]9[ عبیری‌گلپایگانی, ح. «نقش سازمان های مردم نهاد در حوزه های محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی»ماهنامه مهندسی کشاورزی, 1390، 26.
]10[ علی‌الحسابی, م. «نقش سازمان های مردم نهاد و رهبران محلی در توسعه روستایی. فصلنامه مسکن و محیط روستا» 1390، 134.
]11[ وحیدیان, ا. سازمانهای مردم نهاد، رکن سوم توسعه پایدار. تهران: مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی، 1392.
]12[ رضایی، زهرا. «نقش سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی در توسعه اجتماعی». تهران: پژوهش‌نامه علوم اجتماعی. 14، 1386.
[13].Lane, M. B., & Morrison, T. H. “Public interest or private agenda?: A meditation on the role of ngos in environmental policy and management in Australia”. Journal of rural studies, 2006. 22(2), 232-242.
[14] Young, D. R. “Alternative models of government-nonprofit sector relations: Theoretical and international perspectives. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly”. 2000، 29(1), 149-172.
[15] Carson, E. D”Public expectations and nonprofit sector realities: A growing divide with disastrous consequences”. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 2002، 31(3), 429-436.
]16[.پورتال سازمان‌های مردم نهاد سازمان ملل متحد، 2015) به نشانی http://www.ngo.org/.
[17].Kieu, T. K., & Singer, J. . Involvement of ngos in Training Teachers in Education for Sustainable Development in Vietnam: A Case Study. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2017 6(1), 153-166.
[18]. CAST. 2007. Retrieved from http://english.cast.org.cn/
[19]. EASST. 2014. Https://easst.net/about-easst/easst-constitution/. Retrieved from https://easst.net/about-easst/easst-constitution/
[20]. ENSF. 2008. Retrieved from http://www.ensf-ngo.org/new/index.php
[21]. Human, P. “Development in the transition: Opportunities and challenges for ngos in South Africa”Development Southern Africa, 1993 ,10(3), 421-425.
[22]. HYSTA. 2016. Retrieved from http://www.hysta.org/
[23]. ITEEA. 2016. Retrieved from https://www.iteea.org/About.aspx
[24]. Kieu, T. K., & Singer, J. “Involvement of ngos in Training Teachers in Education for Sustainable Development in Vietnam: A Case Study”. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2017. 6(1), 153-166.
[25]. Lewis, D. “ The management of non-governmental development organizations: Routledge”. 2006
[26]. Meyer, C. A. “Opportunism and ngos: Entrepreneurship and green north-south transfers” World Development,1995, 23(8), 1277-1289.
[27]. Singh, R. S. K“ Role of ngos in Developing Countries: Potentials, Constraints and Policies: Deep and Deep Publications”. 2003
[28]. William, C. “ Non-governmental initiatives. ADB, The Urban Poor and Basic Infrastructure Services in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asia Development Bank. ”,1991
[29]. Zhang, J.“A comparative study of ngos in China and South Africa”. Citeseer, 2005
]30[. امیراحمدی, ه. جامعه سیاسی مدنی و توسعه ملی. تهران: نقش و نگاه.1386
]31[. مقنی‌زاده, م. ح. سازمانهای غیردولتی نهادی برای سازماندهی مشارکت در جامعه مدنی. تهران: دفتر مطالعات و تحقیقات سیاسی وزارت کشور.1380