نظام دانشگاهی، چالش های بومی و جهانی، و تعامل با فضای اجتماعی

نویسنده

عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات سیاست ملی کشور، تهران، ایران، کالج اسلامی وابسته به دانشگاه میدلسکس

چکیده

دانشگاه‌ها (در معنای عام این واژه) در زمره مهم‌ترین نهاد‌های تأثیر‌گذار در ظهور و نیز شکل دادن به جهان مدرن به شمار می‌آیند. نهاد دانشگاه همچنین نقشی اساسی در پاسخگویی به چالش‌های پایان‌ناپذیری ایفا می‌کند که بی‌وقفه در جهان مدرن رخ می‌نمایند. شتاب ظهور این چالش‌ها و تنوع آنها، در قیاس با آنچه در جهان پیشامدرن پدیدار می‌شد به مراتب فزون‌تر است. در مقاله حاضر پس از ارائه توضیح کوتاهی در خصوص شماری از مهم‌ترین مدل‌های دانشگاه و کارکرد‌های آن و اشاره به برخی از پر‌اهمیت‌ترین چالش‌های بومی و جهانی و یادآوری نقش دانشگاه در مواجهه با آنها، به مقوله «فضای اجتماعی» و ممیزه‌های اصلی آن و ارتباط متقابل میان آن و نهاد دانشگاه پرداخته‌ خواهد شد. نکته اصلی مورد تأکید مقاله آن است که هم نهاد دانشگاه و هم فضای اجتماعی، به منزله دو برساخته «حیث‌های التفاتی جمعی» که بی‌وقفه دستخوش تطورند، بر یکدیگر و بر دیگر نهاد‌های موجود در جهان واقعیت‌های اجتماعی، از جمله و در ‌زمره مهم‌ترین آنها، نهاد دولت و عرصه سیاست، سپهر فرهنگ و قلمرو اقتصاد، تأثیر می‌گذارند و از آنها تأثیر می‌پذیرند. برآیند این اثرات پر‌شمار، به فعالیت رسیدن ظرفیت‌های فراخی است که در این برساخته‌ها و آن نهاد‌ها مندرج است. پدیدار شدن این ظرفیت‌ها از سویی با نیازهای کاربران این برساخته‌ها و نهادها و از سوی دیگر با کارکرد‌های بالفعل و بالقوه آنها، مرتبط است. مسئله‌ای که مقاله می‌کوشد برای آن پاسخی ارائه دهد آن است که بر اساس کدام الگو‌ها و آموزه‌های نظری، می‌توان تعامل میان این برساخته‌ها و نهاد‌ها را چنان سامان داد که به طور کلی ظرفیت‌های مثبت آنها بروز کند و از تحقق ظرفیت‌های منفی آنها، در حد امکان، جلوگیری به عمل آید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Institution of the University, Local and Global Challenges, and Interaction with the Public Space

نویسنده [English]

  • ali paya
Factuly Member of National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), and the Islamic College, Affiliated with Middlesex University – UK
چکیده [English]

Universities are amongst the most important institutions that play crucial roles with respect to bringing about and shaping the modern world. The institution of the university also partakes in providing effective responses to the endless challenges which are emerged in the modern world. The frequency of the appearance of these challenges, in comparison to what was happening in the pre-modern world, is much higher. The present paper, first, provides a brief account of some of the chief functions and main models of universities as well as some of the crucial local and global challenges and the role of universities in dealing with them. Then, it discusses the issue of the ‘public space’, its principal characteristics, and the mutual relationship between it and the institution of the university. The main argument of the paper is that the institutions of the university and the public space, as two socially constructed entities which are both the products of collective intentionalities, are constantly evolving and in doing so exert influence upon each other, as well as other entities in the realm of social realities including the institution of the state, and the sphere of politics, culture, and economy. In return, the institution of university and the public space are influenced by those other entities in the social realm. The net result of these many-folded influences is the actualisation of vast potentials which are inherent in these entities and institutions. The actualisation of these potentials is directly linked, on the one hand, to the needs of their users and, on the other, on the inbuilt functions of these institutions. The paper intends to provide an answer to the problem of identifying theoretical models or the sets of instructions by which one can manage the interaction between these institutions and socially constructed entities, ensuring, as much as possible, maximal actualisation of their positive capacities and suppression of their negative capacities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • University
  • Public Space
  • Local and Global Challenges
  • Innovation
  • the Sphere of Politics
  • Culture and Economy

مراجع

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