آسیب‌‌شناسی‌های پژوهش در ایران تا 1393ش: مرور، دسته‌بندی و نقد

نوع مقاله : ترویجی

نویسنده

دانشیار گروه الهیات، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

در دهه‌های اخیر شماری از محققان ایرانی به آسیب‌‌شناسی پژوهش‌های علمی توجه نشان داده‌اند. اینان هر یک از منظری و با رویکردی، خواسته‌اند اسباب و علل ناکامی‌های احتمالی را کشف کنند و راهی برای رفع آن‌ها بیابند. در مطالعۀ کنونی پیشینه این کوشش‌ها تا پایان سال 1393ش مرور و بازخوانی می‌شود؛ یعنی تا دورانی که انتظار می‌رود اغلب مطالعات آسیب‌شناسانه‌ای که تا پایان دولت دهم جمهوری اسلامی ایران (1388-1392ش) تألیف شده‌اند منتشر گشته باشند. صاحبان مطالعات یادشده در این دوره گاه بیش‌تر از منظر یک جامعه‌‌شناس علم به مسئله نگریسته‌اند، برخی روان‌شناسانه انگیزه‌‌های فردی محققان را کاویده‌اند، برخی دیگر هم‌چون شاهدانی عینی تجربۀ حضور خویش در دانشگاه‌های داخل و خارج ایران را مقایسه کرده‌اند، برخی به اقتضای مسئولیت‌های اجرایی از برخی مشکلات آگاه شده‌اند... و بر این منوال، هر یک به شیو‌ه‌ای بر ضرورت توجه به عواملی تأکید و تکیه نموده‌اند. گرچه اینان حتی گاه چنان تفاوت مشرب دارند که هدف‌گزاری‌ها و نگاه کلان‌شان به ماهیت علم هم‌ با یکدیگر متفاوت است، باز می‌توان شباهت‌های فراوانی در نگاه‌شان به آسیب‌های پژوهش در کشور دید. از آن سو، با همۀ اختلاف رویکرد‌ها و تنوع آراء‌شان، به نظر می‌رسد برخی مشکلات و مسائل و رویکرد‌ها از نگاه همۀ ایشان مغفول مانده است. بنا ست که در این مطالعه با مروری بر تحول آسیب‌‌شناسی‌ها، و کوشش برای دسته‌بندی دیدگاه‌ها بکوشیم تصویری بهتر از موقعیت آموزش عالی ایران و جایگاه پژوهش در آن در دورۀ بحث (یعنی از آغاز چنین مطالعاتی تا پایان سال 1393ش) حاصل کنیم. می‌خواهیم بدانیم آسیب‌‌شناسی‌ها در هر دور‌های معطوف به حل چه مشکلاتی بوده، هر یک با چه توفیقاتی هم‌‌راه شده، و ضمنا، چه آسیب‌های دیگری هنوز نامکشوف و نکاویده باقی مانده است. چنین مطالعه‌ای می‌تواند گامی نخست برای بازشناسی سیر تحول درک‌های جامعۀ علمی ایران از پژوهشگری ــ نیز باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Pathologies of Research in Iran until 2013: Review, Classification and Criticism

نویسنده [English]

  • Hāmed Khāni (Farhang Mehrvash)
Associate professor in Islamic Thelogy, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, a number of Iranian researchers have paid attention to the pathology of Iranian scientific researches. Each of them, from a perspective and with an approach, wanted to discover the causes of possible failures and find a way to solve them. In the current study, the history of these efforts until the end of 2013 is reviewed and reread; That is, until the time when it is expected that most of the pathological studies written until the end of the 10th government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1392-1388) have been published. The authors of the mentioned studies in this period sometimes looked at the problem more from the perspective of a sociologist of science, some psychologically explored the individual motivations of the researchers, others compared their experience of being in universities inside and outside Iran as objective witnesses, some of them have become aware of the problems due to the executive responsibilities They have had... and in this way, each of them has emphasized and relied on the necessity of paying attention to certain factors. Although they sometimes have such a strong differen visions that their objectives and macro view of the nature of science are different from each other, we can still see many similarities in their view of the harms of research in the country. On the other hand, with all the differences in their approaches and the diversity of their opinions, it seems that some problems and issues and approaches have been overlooked by all of them. In this study, by reviewing the evolution of pathologies, and trying to categorize views, we will try to get a better picture of the situation of higher education in Iran and the place of research in it during the discussion period (ie, from the beginning of such studies to the end of 2013). We want to know what problems the pathologies were aimed at solving in each round, what successes each was accompanied by, and at the same time, what other injuries have still remained undiscovered and unexamined. Such a study can be the first step to recognize the evolution of the Iranian scientific community's understanding of research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Research Method
  • Research Obstacles
  • Scientometrics
  • Literary Creativity
  • Scientific Literature
  • History of the Idea of Research

مراجع

  • Ebrahimi, S. Iran’s Research Institutes in Global Science: a Scientometrics Study. Librarianship and Information Organization Studies, 2011; 21(4): p. 49.
  • Ejtehadi, M. An analysis of the capabilities and shortcomings of the higher education system in the Islamic Republic of Iran, Research and Planning in Higher Education, 1998; (17): 37-38.
  • Iskandary, H. Cycle of Knowledge in Educational System. Islam & Educational Researches, 2009; (1).
  • A'rafi, A. Pathology and ways to optimize seminary research. Pajoohesh & Hawzeh, 2000; (3).
  • AghaAbbasi, Y. et al. Obstacles to Producing Original and Effective Researches. Namayesh. 2008; (109).
  • AghaMhammadi, A. & Khorrami, M. The State of Research in Iran: Facts and Solutions. Rahyaft, 1999; 9 (20).
  • Amin Saremi, N. The Pathology of Research in Davos. Police Science, spring 2017; (38): 82.
  • Amini, ?. Pathology and Ways to Optimize Seminary research. Pajoohesh & Hawzeh, autumn 2019; (3).
  • Borumand, S. Pathology on Numismatic Studies in Iran: An Iran Ancient Coins Case Study. Historical Perspective&Historiography, 2012; 22(10): 1-27. doi: 10.22051/hph.2014.858
  • BaniFatemeh, H. Research problems in the country's industrial structure. Tabriz Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, autumn 2013; (151).
  • Bognar, J. The Position of Research in Backward Countries. Tr. Khalil Herati, Nagin, April 1973; (96).
  • Beyglu, M. et al. Scientific productions of Iran in the field of breast cancer. Health Information Management, April 2013; (23).
  • Pazhuhande, M. Research oriented educational system. Islamic Social Research, winter 2006; (61).
  • TarghiNezhad, A. Obstacles to Research in Public Relations. Public Relations, April 2015; (41): 49.
  • Tahavvori, Z. Necessity of Turning Theses and Research Projects into Scientific Articles. Informatics, Summer 2014; (8): 134.
  • Tavakkoli, M. Economics of Research: Pathology of Economic Equations Governing the Research Market. Ayar Pazhuhesh dar Olume Ensani, winter 2008; (2).
  • Tirgar, H., Tehrani, H. The Study of Main Obstacles of Research Based Development in Branches of Kerman Provinces Islamic Azad University. Research in Curriculum Planning, 2008; 5(17): 112.
  • Jalil Mojdehi, A. To Solve the Problems of Research, Let's Change in the Education System. Public Relations, March 2012; (29): 27.
  • Hajipour, B. & Soltani, M. Strategic Planning in Universities and Higher Education Institutions - case study: Imam Sadiq University (AS). Strategic Management thought, summer 2017; (3).
  • Hosseini Shawun, A. & Jahid, H. Obstacles to Conducting Research Activities from the Perspective of Faculty Members of Tabriz University. Science and Technology Policy, Summer 2013; (16): 53-54.
  • Hosseini, A. Problems and Issues of Universities in Developing Countries. Wisdom and Effort, November 1972; (10): 61.
  • Hakimbashi, H. Pathology of Essay Writing and Research in Religious Press. Pajoohesh & Hawzeh, winter 2014; (23).
  • Davrpanah, M. Challenges of Scientometrics in Humanities Compared to Other Fields of Science. Educational and Psychological Studies, September 2007; (30): 129, 138.
  • Davrpanah, M. Scientific Ability Index, A Model for Measuring and Comparing the Scientific Productivity of Scientific Fields. Librarianship and Information, autumn 2009; (51).
  • Dorpar, M. Categorization and Pathology of Persian Stylistic Researches and Suggested Solutions. Literary Arts, 2014; 6(1): 135.
  • Dayyani, M. Dissertation as Unknown Treasure. Librarianship and Information, 2000; 2 (4).
  • Ramezani, R. Current Problems of Universities and the Scientific Development System of the Country. Research and Planning in Higher Education, autumn 2013; (25): 27 ff.
  • Zare Ahmed Abadi, H. et al. Analysis of Obstacles to Conducting Research in Universities and Research Centers of the Country. Epistemological studies in Islamic University, winter 2018; (44).
  • Zarei, A. and Family Rouhani, A. Research Status of Academic Faculty Members of Islamic Azad Universities in Region 5 and Identification of Their Problems in Scientific Production. National Studies of Librarianship and Information Organization, winter 2018; (80): 133.
  • Salari, M. The Need for Libraries and Information Centers to Approach Research. Librarianship and information, autumn 2019; (11): 82.
  • SobhaniNezhad, M. & Afshar, A. Unblocking the Movement of Science Production. Knowledge Studies in Islamic University, Spring 2018 (41): 17.
  • Sotoudeh, H. Study of Matthew's effect on the Scientific Performance of Countries with an Emphasis on the Middle East. Informatization, Winter 2013 (6): 36.
  • Sami'i Gilani, A. Towards Specialization of Scientific-Research Journals. Farhangestan Letter, Spring 2001; 5(3): 2.
  • SanGotia, I. A review of Bibliometrics, Information Metrics, Scientific Metrics and Librarianship. Tr. Mehrdokht Vazirpour Kashmiri, Information, autumn 1993; (3): 38 ff.
  • Sawari, K. and Gholami, Sh. Investigation of Factors Affecting the Research of Mahshahr Islamic Azad University students. The collection of papers of the Conference on Science Production Movement, Software Movement and Free Thought of Region 6 of Islamic Azad University, 2016.
  • Sohrabi, B. et al. Pathology of Research Conducted in the Field of Islamic Management with a Metacombination Approach. Perspective of Public Administration, summer 2019; (6): 20.
  • Soheyli, F. et al. Generative Fertility Law Regarding the Scientific Productions of Researchers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Health Information Management, March 2018; (22): 771.
  • Sayyari, A. An Analysis of the Problems and Bottlenecks of Higher Education in Iran. Research and Planning in Higher Education, spring 2013; (5): 20.
  • Shaker, M. Methodology of Quranic Researches in the West and the Islamic world. Golestan-e Qur'an, January 2012 (167).
  • Sheykhan, N. and RezaZadeh, H. Research Center and Institute in Iran and Other Countries. Political Economic Information, September 2013 (192): 187.
  • Salehi, A. Pathology of Research in Hawzeh. Pazhuhesh & Howzeh, winter 2001; (4): 14.
  • Sabouri, A. Evaluation of Iran's Research Performance in 2002. Rahyaft, 2002; 12(28): 93-94.
  • Sadaghati Fard, M. Problems of Research in Neighboring Countries. Iranian Social Science Studies, pre-issue, (4): 6 pp.
  • Safavi, A. The Shortcomings of Educational Research in Third World Countries. Education, winter 1986 (4).
  • Samadzadeh, H., Investigating the Effective Factors in the Priority of Education Over Research in Universities from the Point of View of the Faculty Members of Humanities Faculties of Public Universities in Tehran in the Academic Year 2018-2020, master's thesis in Educational Sciences, Tarbiat Moalem University, Tehran, 2019.
  • Zamani, Farshid et al. Reasons for the Preference of Teaching Over Research by the Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch. Educational Leadership and Management, summer 2018; (16): 87.
  • Talebi, M. The Image of Scientific Cooperation Between Domestic Research Centers. . Rahyaft, 2000; 9(21): 112.
  • Tabatabai, K. Specializing the Country's Scientific Journals: Necessities, Obstacles, Problems and Solutions. Islamic studies, spring 2013 (55).
  • ArefNezhad, G. The Structure of Research from the Perspective of the Qur'an and Jurisprudential Narrations. Jurisprudence and History of Civilization, spring 2009 (23).
  • Abbasi, F. and Beyglu, M. The Relationship Between Quantitative and Qualitative Indicators in the Scientific Productions of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran in the Web of Science Database. Health Information Management, March 2018; (22): 848.
  • EdalatPasand, S. Obstacles to Research in Public Relations. Public Relations, April 2006 (41): 44-45.
  • Erfanmanesh, M., Didegah, F. Researchers’ and Faculty Members’ Research Anxiety and its Causes: Literature Review. Librarianship and Information Organization Studies, 2012; 23(1): 58-72.
  • AlagheMandan, J. Pathology of Research Behavior in Iran. Amuzeh, 2003; (17): 4-13.
  • Alamdari, A. and Afshoon, A. Obstacles in Carrying out Research Activities from the Point of view of Faculty Members of Universities in Yasouj. Armaghane Danesh, spring 2003; 8(29): 27-34.
  • Fathi, K. Obstacles to Research-Oriented Decision-Making in the Curriculum Planning Process. Ta'lim va Tarbiyat, summer 2013; 19(2): 7-36.
  • Farhadi, M. The Pathology of Folk Culture Research and the Necessity of Ethnography of Folk Knowledge and Technologies and Traditional Tools in Iran. Social Sciences of Allama Tabatabai University, winter 2013 (5): 88.
  • Fazlollahi, S. Identification and Classification of Obstacles to the Production of Science from the Point of View of Faculty Members of Qom Province Universities. Ma'rafet, September 2018; 18(4): 127-142.
  • Fazlollahi, S. Effective Inhibiting Factors on Student Research. Islam and Educational Research, summer 2013; 4(1): 165-184.
  • Fe'li, S. Et al. Investigation of factors Affecting Students' Participation in Research Activities and Science Production. Research and Planning in Higher Education, 2015; 12(4): 93-124.
  • Ghazinoory, S., Baratinia, M., Sabaghchi, S. Occupational Support for “Free Researchers”: A Policy Framework. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 2011; 4(2): 11 ff.
  • Ghanbari, A. and Tankabani, H. Income on the Status of Research Institutions. Rahyaft, 1994; 4(7): 37.
  • Kaffashi, M. & Taghiyan, M. Effective Factors on the Willingness of Students who are Members of the Young Researchers Club of the Islamic Azad University of the 12th Region to Carry out Research Activities in 2017. Pazhuheshname, summer 2018; 3(5): 141-182.
  • Golmohammadi, A. Pathology of Document-Oriented Political Research in Contemporary Iran. Ayin, June 2018; 5(1): 54-56.
  • LahsayiZadeh, A. Obstacles of Social Science Research in Iran. Rahayaft, 1996; 6(14): 98.
  • Maddahi, M. Pathology of Group Research, Case Study: Students of Religious Sciences. Ayar-e Pazhuhesh Dar 'Ulume Ensani, winter 2019; 3(2): 130.
  • Mahallati, M. Pathology of Research in Hawzah. Pazhuhesh & Hawzeh, winter 2000; 1(4): 7.
  • Mohammadi, Mahdi and Fazlullahi, Seyfollah. Effective Inhibiting Factors on Scientific Research Activities of Faculty Members of Islamic Azad University: Qom Branch. Ketab-e Mah-e Kolliyyat, No. 152, August 2009, 14 (6): 62.
  • Madani Mubarakeh, S. Pathology of Media Researches in Three Decades After the Islamic Revolution. Rasaneh, No. 77, Spring 2018; 20(1): 109-118.
  • Mazinani, A., “Investigation of the Status of Consumption and Production of Scientific Information by Iranian Academic Staff, doctoral dissertation in Librarianship and Information”, Rahyaft, vol. 25, 2001.
  • Mowlayi-Moghaddam, G., Factors Affecting the Conversion of Master's and Doctoral Theses into a Scientific-Research Article in the Journal, master's thesis of Librarianship and Information, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2000.
  • Maleki Tavana, M. et al. Research Barriers for Educators. Research in Curriculum Planning, 2012; 9(32): 119.
  • Mansourian, Y. Unwanted Surrender: The Pathology of Academic Research. Ketab-e Mah-e Kolliyyat, No. 185, May 2013: 6.
  • Manteghi, M. Why the Research Conducted in the Country Does Not Lead to the Creation of Technology?. Modirsaz, number 6, winter 1998: 4-13.
  • MahdaviRad, M. A Glance to Pathology of Contemporary Religious Studies. Ayeneh-ye- Pazhoohesh, 2006; 17(100): 2-21.
  • Mehr-e Mohammadi, Mahmoud. Issues in Research in the Field of Education: Necessities, Fears and Hopes, Tehran, Research Institute of Education and Training, 2000.
  • Mousavi Movahedi, et al. Methods of Production and Dissemination of Scientific Findings. Rahyaft, 2003; 13(31): 5.
  • The meeting of obstacles to research in Ilam province, with the presence of Hossein Mehdizadeh and others, Farhang Ilam, No. 4, Winter 2019: 29.
  • Najafi Abrandabadi, A. and Gholami, H. Pathology of Criminology Education and Research in Iran. Elahiyyat wa Hoghugh, number 20, summer 2015: 27.
  • Hedayati, M. Research Pathology in the 80s: Four Destructive ‘T’s. Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 2014; 10(19): 13-16. doi: 10.22080/jaep.2014.827.
  • Helalian, S. Pathology of the Hawzeh Research System. Rahnameye Pazhuhesh, No. 7, Spring 2018; 7(1): 70-72.
  • Vaziri, E. Leading Science Producing Institutions in Iran (2008). Librarianship and Information Organization Studies, 2011; 22(1): 98-99.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار