تحلیل انتقادی نظام‌های رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسه‌های پژوهشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیارعلم و اطلاعات و دانش شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایـران

چکیده

هدف: هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، ارائه پیشنهادهایی برای بهینه‌سازی عملکرد نظام رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسه‌های پژوهشی کشور با بهره‌گیری از ارزیابی معیار‌ها و فرآیند ارزیابی نظام رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسه‌های پژوهشی و نیز معیار‌های بین‌المللی رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها است.
روش پژوهش: در راستای مطالعه چهار نظام شاخص بین‌المللی و پایگاه استنادی جهان اسلام با هدف شناسایی شاخص‌های ارزیابی و فرآیند رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات پژوهشی کشور از روش مطالعه تطبیقی استفاده شد. سپس در حوزه شاخص‌های ارزیابی و فرآیند رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات پژوهشی با مبنا قراردادن شاخص‌ها و فرآیند رتبه‌بندی پایگاه استنادی جهان اسلام از تحلیل انتقادی استفاده شد و اقدام به ارائه پیشنهادها شد. از 10 نفر از متخصصان در حوزه علم‌سنجی، وبومتریکس، علم اطلاعات و دانش شناسی در راستای اعتبارسنجی شاخص‌های منتخب استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نظام‌های رتبه‌بندی در این پژوهش بر اساس شاخص‌های کشور، سازمان اصلی، وابستگی، زمان آغاز به فعالیت، هدف، معیارهای اصلی، منابع داده‌ها، شرایط ارزیابی، محدوده پوشش و حوزه فعالیت مطالعه شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد هدف عمده اکثر نظام‌ها کمک به دانشجویان در انتخاب دانشگاه برای تحصیل و مشاوره به دانشگاه‌ها برای بهبود وضعیت است. تأکید ویژه این نظام‌ها بر معیارهای پژوهش و آموزش تأکید ویژه دارند. منابع داده‌ها در اکثر نظام‌ها، نظرسنجی، خوداظهاری و پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی معتبر است و بر ایجاد یا بهره‌گیری از نظام‌های ثبتی برای این منظور استفاده می‌کنند.
نتایج: بر اساس نتایج حاصل شده در این پژوهش مشخص شد که نظام رتبه‌بندی دانشگاه‌ها و مؤسسات پژوهشی کشور بهتر است به صورت خصوصی و به صورت درآمدزا به فعالیت خود ادامه دهد و اهداف آن نیازمند بازنگری است و بر اساس اهداف لازم است فرآیند و معیارهای اصلی آن مورد بازنگری اساسی قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Critical analysis of universities and research institutes’ ranking systems

نویسنده [English]

  • Mehdi Alipour Hafezi
Associate Professor Psychology and Education Faculty, Allameh Tabatabaei’ University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Purpose: Using the evaluation standards and procedures used by the global ranking systems, the study's primary goal is to offer recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the ranking systems for universities and research institutions.
Methodology: A comparative study technique was utilized to examine four international ranking systems and the ISC in order to determine the evaluation metrics and how universities and research institutions are ranked. Then, a critical analysis was applied and recommendations were given in the area of evaluation indicators and ranking processes of universities and research institutes based on the indicators and ranking processes of the ISC. The chosen indicators were validated by 10 specialists in the domains of scientometrics, webometrics, information science, and epistemology.
Findings: Based on the indicators of the country, primary organization, affiliation, starting point of the activity, primary criteria, data sources, evaluation criteria, extent of coverage, and field of activity, the rating systems were examined. The study's findings revealed that most systems' primary objectives are to assist students in selecting a university and offer recommendations to institutions on how to enhance their operations. The standards of research and education are given particular priority in these systems. Most systems use registration systems and surveys, self-reports, and legitimate databases as their data sources.
Conclusion: The ISC should continue its activities in a private and revenue-generating manner, according to the study's findings, and its goals should be amended. Based on the goals, the primary procedure and criteria should also be in place. It has to be substantially changed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • ranking systems
  • universities and institutions of higher education
  • QS
  • Times
  • Shanghai
  • SCImago
  • ISC

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