بازتعریف سیاست آموزش عالی در چارچوب تقاضای جامعه ایران از دانشگاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار آموزش عالی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دکتری آموزش عالی، دانش آموخته دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سیاست‌گذاری آموزش عالی برای توسعه اثربخش نهاد دانشگاه در ایران، ناگزیر از شناخت تنوع و شدت تقاضاهای مختلف جامعه ایران از نهاد دانشگاه می‌باشد. بدون این شناخت، سرمایه‌گذاری برای اصلاح و توسعه دانشگاه‌ها بدون توجه به وضعیت تقاضای پیش‌روی دانشگاه‌ها موثر نبوده و سبب هدررفت بیشتر منابع کشور خواهد شد. ازاین‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی ابعاد و مولفه‌های تقاضاهای مختلف جامعه ایران از نهاد دانشگاه بوده است. این پژوهش به روش کیفی پایه و مبتنی بر مطالعه و بررسی تجربه زیسته کنشگران موثر و صاحبنظران آموزش عالی کشور انجام گرفت. در این راستا 39 نفر شناسایی شد که با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته، تجارب 23 نفر از ایشان تا دست‌یابی به اشباع نظری، مورد کاوش قرار گرفت. به منظور تحلیل داده‌ها، روش تحلیل مضمون کیفی و برای بررسی اعتبار و روایی یافته‌ها، فنونی مانند سه‌سویه‌سازی داده‌ها، بازبینی مستقل و توصیف زمینه‌ای استفاده شد. مطابق با یافته‌های پژوهش، سه مقوله اصلی در زمینه تقاضای اجتماعی شامل «نردبان معیشت و منزلت اجتماعی»، «نردبان فضیلت و فرهیختگی اخلاقی» و «نردبان مشارکت مدنی و کنشگری اجتماعی»؛ و نیز صرفا یک مقوله اصلی در زمینه تقاضای اقتصادی شامل «تقاضای سیگنالینگ و تربیت تکنسین و نیروی کار ماهر» که نشان‌دهنده سطح پایین تقاضای اقتصادی جامعه ایران از نهاد دانشگاه بود؛ و نهایتا شش مقوله اصلی در زمینه تقاضای سیاسی شامل «کنترل کارکردهای انتقادی دانشگاه»، «ارائه خدمات مستشاری»، «ترویج ایدئولوژی انقلاب اسلامی»، «تحول بنیادین علوم انسانی»، «رهبری جامعه ذیل نظریه ولایت فقیه» و «ارائه الگوی بدیل توسعه مبتنی بر مکتب انقلاب اسلامی» شناسایی شد. این پژوهش نشان داد تقاضای محدود نظام اقتصادی به تبع ساختار غیررقابتی، شبه انحصاری و رانتی آن از یک طرف و نیز غلبه وجه سلبی تقاضای نظام سیاسی مبنی بر کنترل کارکردهای انتقادی دانشگاه از طرف دیگر، به نوعی سبب گسیختگی و جدا افتادگی دانشگاه از زیست‌بوم خود و عدم ارتباط پویای آن با مسائل اصلی اقتصادی و سیاسی جامعه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Redefining Higher Education Policy in the Framework of Iranian Society's Demand from the University

نویسندگان [English]

  • amir shahsavari 1
  • Mahdi Mahdi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Higher Education, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD in Higher Education,, Graduate of Shahid Beheshti University, Parliament Research Center, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Higher education system to be able to deal with the missions appropriate to its ecosystem and to be efficient in providing services to the society, depends on recognizing the diverse demands of the society. Understanding the society's demands is very important, because what naturally links the university institution to the society is the university's response to the society's existing demands, which shows itself in the form of alignment between the university's supply and the society's demand. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify the dimensions and nature of the existing demands for higher education in the university ecosystem of Iran. An important contribution of this research is understanding the demand for higher education by clarifying its complex and multifaceted nature. In fact, the findings of this research, by shedding light on a variety of Iranian society's demands from the university institution, prevent us from reducing these demands to social demand, and in addition, highlights and conceptualizes two other types of demand, i.e., the economic demand of the business sector and the political demand of the government. This research was conducted using a basic qualitative method based on the study and review of the lived experience of effective actors and experts of higher education in Iran. In this regard, 39 people were identified, and the experiences of 23 of them were explored using semi-structured interviews until reaching theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done using qualitative thematic analysis method, and validity of the findings were checked using techniques such as data triangulation, independent review, and contextual description. According to the findings, three main themes were identified in the field of social demand, namely "ladder of livelihood and social status", "ladder of virtue and moral education" and "ladder of civic participation and social activism". As can be expected, for the vast majority of people in the society, providing the basic and livelihood needs and then achieving the appropriate social status is of the highest priority and importance, which shows itself in the demand for a better job and a higher economic status. Another important social demand that has deep historical roots is that knowledge and learning have intrinsic value for people. The third theme of social demand, that is, the university as a "ladder of service and civic participation", shows itself in commitment to public interests of the country, learning constructive social discussion and social activism aimed at justice and anti-tyranny

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Higher Education Demand
  • Higher Education Policy
  • University Ecosystem
  • University Mission
  • Iran

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