نوآوری های پساشومپیتری و سطح بندی چالش های کلان گذار به آن ها در ایران

نوع مقاله : ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، مرکز مطالعات مدیریت، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مطالعات اخیر حاکی از آن است که موضوعات و مسائل نوآوری، از نگرش فنّی صرف، فاصله گرفته و مفاهیم نوآورانه نیز از رویکرد رایج شومپیتری که نوآوری را در محصول، فرایند، بازار و سازماندهی جدید می دید، فراتر رفته است. در این راستا، گونه هایی از نوآوری ها برجسته شده که پیشران نوآورانه آن ها دیگر فناوری به معنای مرسوم در اندیشه های سیاستگذارانه نبوده است و از نوآوری های گذشته و به تعبیری شومپیتری فاصله گرفته اند؛ از این رو در پژوهش حاضر، نوآوری های پساشومپیتری خطاب شده اند. نوآوری های پساشومپیتری گزینه های مناسبی برای شکستن رژیم صُلب فناورانه محصولات و خدمات، از طریق تغییر مسیر فناورانه آن ها از الگوهای شومپیتری هستند. در این پژوهش، نوآوری در موقعیت و ابرانگاره، نوآوری اجتماعی، نوآوری طراحانه و بازطراحانه، نوآوری معنایی و نمادین، نوآوری فراگیر و جهان شمول و نوآوری مقرون به صرفه و فقرزدا، پساشومپیتری خطاب شده اند. در بخش اول پژوهش، به منظور استخراج چالش ها، پس از بررسی زمینه های موضوع، برای شناسایی مقوله‌ها و مضامین مستتر در مصاحبه ها و اسناد، از فنون کدگذاری و در بخش دوم نیز از رویکرد مدلسازی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده شده است؛ لذا هم از روش کیفی و هم از روش کمّی در پاسخ به مسئله پژوهش بهره گرفته شده است. تازگی پژوهش ها در این حوزه، وابستگی به مسیر گذشته، استیلای بوم سازگان اقتصادمحور در کشور، فقدان و یا کمبود زیرساخت های قانونی صنایع و شرکت های خلاق، نهادهای سیاستگذار و متولیان چندگانه، از مواردی هستند که چالش این گذار شناسایی شده اند.

کلیدواژه ها: نوآوری پساشومپیتری، گذارهای غیرفناورانه، سیاست نوآوری، مدیریت نوآوری، صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Post-Schumpeterian innovations And grading the major challenges to them in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Javad Amani 1
  • sepehr ghazinoory 2
  • abolghasem sarabadani 3
  • tahere saheb 4
1 PhD Student of Science and Technology Policy making, Department of Information Technology Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Information Technology Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Management Studies Center, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Recent studies indicate that the topics and issues of innovation have moved away from a purely technical approach, and innovative concepts have gone beyond the common Schumpeterian approach that saw innovation in the product, process, market, and new organization. In this regard, some types of innovations have been highlighted, whose innovative drivers are no longer technology in the conventional sense of policy-making ideas, and they have distanced themselves from past innovations in a Schumpeterian sense; Therefore, in present research, post-Schumpeterian innovations have been addressed. Post-Schumpeterian innovations are suitable options for breaking the rigid technological regime of products and services by changing their technological path from Schumpeterian patterns. In this research, position and paradigm innovation, social innovation, design and redesign innovation, semantic and symbolic innovation, inclusive and universal innovation, and frugal and pro-poor innovation have been called post-Schumpeterian. In the first part of the research, in order to extract the challenges, after studying the subject areas, coding techniques were used to identify hidden categories and themes in the interviews and documents, and in the second part, the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach was used; Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to answer the research question. The newness of research in this field, path dependency, domination of economy-oriented ecosystems in the country, lack of legal infrastructure of industries and creative companies, policy-making institutions and multiple trustees, are some of the issues that have been identified as the challenges of this transition.

Keywords: Post-Schumpeterian innovation, Non-technological transitions, Innovation policy, Innovation management, Creative and cultural industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Post-Schumpeterian innovation
  • Non-technological transitions
  • Innovation policy
  • Innovation management
  • Creative and cultural industries

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