بررسی مسائل تقنینی و حقوقی در فراجهان بر اساس مطالعات تطبیقی و ارائه رویکردهایی برای ایران

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر گروه مطالعات تنظیم‌گری و سازماندهی فاوا، مرکز مطالعات راهبردی و اقتصاد دیجیتال، پژوهشگاه ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات،

2 مدیر گروه مطالعات تنظیم‌گری و سازماندهی فاوا، مرکز مطالعات راهبردی و توسعه اقتصاد دیجیتال، پژوهشگاه ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات،

چکیده

تعاملات مجازی به بخش مهمی از زندگی مصرف‌کنندگان و مشاغل در طول دهه گذشته تبدیل‌شده است. این روند در طول همه‌گیری کووید-19 سرعت گرفته است و علاقه‌مندی به تعاملات مجازی بر روی "فراجهان" متمرکزشده است. و شرکت‌های بزرگ به سمت دنیای فراجهان رفته‌اند. اما مانند هر فناوری پایه جدید، فراجهان برای بسیاری گیج‌کننده و ناشناخته باقی‌مانده است. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده فراجهان از کاربران بسیار گسترده‌تر و دقیق‌تر از فعالیت‌های ساده اینترنتی است، زیرا از رفتار کلی کاربر (ازجمله پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی، حرکات آن‌ها و حتی الگوهای امواج مغزی) هم ناشی می‌شود، لذا بحث حقوق و مقررات در فراجهان بسیار فوری و ضروری می‌باشد. بر این مبنا هدف این نوشتار، مطالعه تطبیقی مقررات و سیاست‌های فراجهان کشورهای منتخب، به‌منظور بومی‌سازی آن برای ایران است. رویکرد این پژوهش، مطالعه تطبیقی و هدف آن توصیفی-تطبیقی مبتنی بر مطالب بروز است. نمونه‌های بررسی‌شده در این مطالعه مشتمل بر 3 کشور می‌باشد که شامل اتحادیه اروپا و کشورهای چین و هند می‌باشد. در این پژوهش پس از بررسی مسئله تحقیق، به رویکردهای اتخاذشده در کشورهای منتخب پرداخته‌شده است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد کشورهای موردمطالعه دارای قوانین و مقرراتی هستند که می‌تواند در حوزه چالش‌های فراجهان بازدارنده باشند شامل قانون ایمنی برخط، حفاظت از داده و حریم خصوصی، مالکیت معنوی، مالکیت دارایی‌های دیجیتال  و غیره، اما در کشور ما بسیاری از این قوانین هنوز مصوب نشده‌اند یا به‌خوبی اجرایی نیستند. بنابراین علاوه بر بررسی فراجهان و وضع مقررات خاص آن باید قوانین کلی‌تر هم در کشور اصلاح، تصویب و اجرایی شوند و اقدامات پیشگیرانه قانونی مانند تصویب قوانین و مقررات موردنیاز در ایران، انجام پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating legislative and legal issues in Metaverse on comparative studies and providing approaches for Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Famil Saeedian 1
  • Hassan Yeganeh 2
1 Researcher of ICT Regulation & Organizing Research Group, Strategic Studies and Digital Economy Centre, ICT research Institute (ITRC), Tehran, Iran
2 Head of ICT Regulation & Organizing Research Group, Strategic Studies and Digital Economy Centre, ICT Research Institute (ITRC), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Virtual interactions have become an increasingly important part of life for consumers and businesses over the past decade. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this trend has accelerated, and attract more focus on Metaverse. So big companies have moved toward developing Metaverse. But Metaverse is still confusing and unknown to many. The data collected by Metaverse from users is much broader and more accurate than simple Internet activities, because it also arises from the general behavior of the user (including physiological responses, their movements and even brainwave patterns), so the discussion of rights and regulations in Metaverse is very urgent and necessary. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is a comparative study of the rules and policies of the selected countries in order to localize them for Iran. The approach of this research is a comparative study and its purpose is descriptive-comparative based on updated content. The sample available in this study included three countries consists of as European Union, China and India. In this study, after examining the research issue, approaches adopted in selected countries are discussed. The findings of this study show that the countries under study have laws and regulations that can be deterrent in the field of Metaverse challenges, including online safety law, data and privacy protection, intellectual property, ownership of digital assets, etc., but in our country many of these laws still not approved or not well implemented. Therefore, in addition to reviewing Metaverse and setting specific regulations of it, more general laws must be amended, approved and implemented in our country and legal preventive measures such as the approval of the laws and regulations required in Iran, should be carried out.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Metaverse
  • Regulatory
  • Governance
  • Laws
  • Comparative Study
  • Approaches

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