نوع مقاله : ترویجی
نویسندگان
1 دکترای مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران؛ تهران
2 دانشجوی دکترای زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه سراسری کاشان؛ اصفهان
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
This article tries to introduce this phenomenon and make a comparison between open innovation and open strategy. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and is of the type of library studies and documentary analysis. The results show that strategy researchers have turned their attention to another example of the expansion and opening up of traditional closed organizational practices, and that is the issue of open strategy. The task of open strategy in the simplest sense is to increase transparency and participation in strategic issues (internal and external stakeholders). In other words, open strategy is a new topic in the field of strategic management, which, according to some theorists, is based on open innovation, although there are similarities and differences. Similar to open innovation, research in open strategy was initially phenomenological and gradually emerged as an identifiable research stream. However, as a research field, it has developed differently than open innovation. According to the analysis of different angles of two phenomena of open strategy and open innovation, they can be examined and compared from 7 different perspectives. Similarities and key differences from 7 different perspectives, the perspective of philosophical foundations, the perspective of goals, the perspective of relationships, the perspective of theoretical approaches, the perspective of open strategy dimensions, the perspective of openness and openness dimensions, as well as the perspective of activity areas, which are mentioned in detail in the article.
Open strategy, or in better words, opening strategy, is an emerging, dynamic, and multifaceted phenomenon that is developing rapidly (Tavakoli et al., 2017, 164). Open strategy is a diverse phenomenon that has different dimensions, includes a large range of activities and may seek different goals. Therefore, for a better understanding of this phenomenon, the need for further investigation is evident (Seidl et al., 2019, 10). In this article, an attempt is made to take a closer look at the concept of open strategy to gather a clearer picture of this phenomenon and its various appearances. Also, considering that open strategy is a new topic in the field of strategic management; according to some theorists, it is based on open innovation (Appleyard & Chesbrough, 2017, 311). The discussion of open innovation next to open strategy requires more comparison and investigation. In order to understand it better, in this article, which is practical in terms of purpose and the type of library studies and document analysis, an attempt is made to explain these two issues and compare them.
In this article, an attempt was made by using library studies and document analysis, while explaining open strategy alongside open innovation, and comparing them. In the following, according to the analytical contents resulting from the systematic review of the existing literature, the results and the discussion around them are mentioned.
In fact, the open strategy creates a challenge in the traditional perspective of the organization that, unlike the past when the strategy was followed by a unique group at the highest level of the organization, in the new approach, most of the open strategy processes in strategy making require more transparency and extensive participation of people. Which are involved in the strategy making process of the organization (Gegenhuber & Dobusch, 2017, 337). This view states that the open strategy is a dynamic set of methods that enable the internal and external factors of the organization to have more transparency, cooperation and flexibility, and to achieve more balance and breadth in the boundaries within the organization as well as the external boundaries. Although many definitions and sometimes different dimensions for open strategy have been proposed in the literature, however, it can be said that the task of open strategy in the simplest sense is to increase transparency and participation in strategic issues (internal and external stakeholders) (Hautz et al., 2017, 300).
Similar to open innovation, research in open strategy was initially phenomenological and gradually emerged as an identifiable research stream. However, as a research field, it has developed differently than open innovation. One of the factors that has accelerated the development of open strategy research is the fact that researchers have been able to distinguish from other research streams in organizational studies, strategy, technology, and innovation management that deal with different types of openness and the intervention of internal and external factors. Foreign ones, such as alliances, crowdsourcing, platforms, or related technology infrastructures, learn things (Afuah & Tucci, 2012, 356; Gawer & Phillips, 2013, 1036; Yoo et al., 2012, 1400). Organizational decision-makers become more experienced in reusing open innovation tools and developing existing relationships with open innovation partners in order to adopt open strategy methods according to their specific conditions. The growing number of open strategy examples in the real world accelerates the development of this field (Criado et al., 2013, 320; Lee et al., 2012, 150; Vanhaverbeke et al., 2017, 8).
According to the analysis of different angles of two phenomena of open strategy and open innovation, they can be examined and compared from 7 different perspectives. In the article, the key similarities and differences from the 7 perspectives of philosophical foundations, goal perspective, relationship perspective, theoretical approaches perspective, open strategy dimensions perspective, openness and openness dimensions perspective, as well as activity domains perspective have been summarized in detail.
It should be noted that the dynamic and influential nature of the open strategy and the different ways of looking at this field show that researchers should make more efforts to better understand this exciting new phenomenon. Researchers can review the theoretical approaches introduced to the emerging phenomenon of strategy and develop future theoretical and empirical research in it. The topics that can be considered for future research are: open innovation and globalization issues, open innovation and local research and development issues, networking with foreign partners through information technology, strategic human resource management practices, and the effects of different technologies on the Open Innovation Model. Also, some other topics such as strategy crowdsourcing, intra-organizational and inter-organizational strategy, strategy blogging, platforms (infrastructures), and other areas of information and communication technology in strategy can be researched by other interested parties.
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