توصیفی فرانظری از تطور مفهوم مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاستگذاری علم و فنّاوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهــران، ایــران

2 دانشیارعلوم سیاسی، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار فلسفه،مؤسسه پژوهش حکمت و فلسفه ایران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، با پیچیده‌تر شدن مسائل اجتماعی، اهمیت کاربرد علم و فناوری برای حل آن‌ها ضرورت یافته و نقش‌ اجتماعی دانشگاه‌ها به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین نهادهای مرتبط با علم و فناوری روبه افزایش است. دانشگاه‌ها جهت هر چه نزدیکی بیشتر با جامعه و در راستای انجام مسئولیت‌های خود نسبت به ذی‌نفعان درونی و بیرونی به‌طور مستمر کارکردها و ساختارهای خود را اصلاح‌کرده‌اند. با افزایش حضور دانشگاه در جامعه، مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه از یک رویکرد فرعی به یک مفهوم ضروری تعبیه‌شده در همه کارکردهای دانشگاهی تبدیل‌شده است. شناسایی مسیر طی شده از مفهوم‌پردازی مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه؛ برای جهت‌گیری پژوهش‌های آتی مفید است. در این راستا مقاله حاضر به دنبال پاسخ به این سئوال است که مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه در دوره معاصر چه مسیر تطوری را طی نموده است. با استفاده از روش فرانظریه، به شیوه پیشنهادی ریتزر و با مرور نظام‌مند در پژوهش‌های مرتبط، مضامین نظری و اجتماعی موثر بر این مفهوم از جمله زمینه‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی، اجتماعی و فناوری؛ سیاست‌ها و اقدامات دولت‌ها و سازمان‌ها؛ و همچنین تاثیر دیگر نظریات، مکاتب، ابزارها، پارادایم‌ها و شبکه‌های محلی و بین‌المللی در گسترش این مفهوم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و تطور و تحول این مفهوم، در چهل سال‌ اخیر، شناسایی گردید. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که در گذشته دو رویکرد توسعه اقتصادی و عدالت اجتماعی بر مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه حاکم بوده است که در سال‌های اخیر، حول رویکرد خیر عمومی به اجماع رسیده‌اند. همچنین سه دوره زمانی از تحول مفهوم مسئولیت اجتماعی در طول 4 دهه گذشته شناسایی شد. دوره اول، از دهه 1980 به بعد، دوره «خدمات اجتماعی» نامیده شد، در این دوره، نقش دانشگاه در توسعه جامعه خود، محدود به ارائه خدمات اقتصادی و یا اجتماعی بود؛ دوره دوم، از سال 2000 به بعد، دوره «مشارکت اجتماعی» نام‌گذاری شد، در این دوره اهمیت توسعه همه‌جانبه و پایدار به سطح راهبردی دانشگاه‌ها راه یافت و در برنامه درسی و پژوهشی قرار گرفت. از سال 2015 به بعد، رویکردهای جدید به مسئولیت اجتماعی دانشگاه به نام «تعهد اجتماعی» نام‌گذاری شد. در این دوره جدید، مرز دانشگاه و جامعه در همه ابعاد در حال کمرنگ‌شدن است و آموزش و پژوهش فرارشته‌ای، متقابل و مادام‌العمر در دستور کار قرار گرفته است. بدین ترتیب، دانشگاه برای حفظ مرجعیت خود در جامعه باید به‌صورت فعالانه، ذی‌نفعان بیرونی (صنعت، بازار و جامعه) را در تمامی حوزه‌های دانشگاهی (ساختاری، راهبردی و کارکردی) مشارکت دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Meta-theoretical description of the evolution of the concept of university social responsibility

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamzeh hajiabbasi 1
  • Akram Ghadimi 2
  • Hossein sheykhrezaee 3
1 PhD Candidate in Science and Technology Policy, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Political Science، Futures Studies, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
3 . Assistant Professor, of philosophy Iranian Institute of Philosophy, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, as social issues grow more intricate, the need for applying science and technology to address them has become vital. Universities, among the key institutions linked to science and technology, are playing an expanding social role. They are evolving, adjusting, and refining their roles and structures to better engage with society and meet their responsibilities to both internal and external stakeholders.
As universities play a larger role in society, their social responsibility has transformed from being a peripheral concern to becoming a fundamental and essential concept embedded in all university functions. Understanding the path that led to the conceptualization of social responsibility in universities is important for guiding future research and policies.
In this regard, this article aims to answer the question of how the idea of social responsibility in universities has evolved in the last four decades. Using the Metatheory method, with a systematic review of related research, to understand the intellectual, social, internal, and external dimensions of this concept It identifies the theoretical and social themes impacting this concept, spanning economic, political, social, and technological fields, as well as the policies and actions of governments and organizations. The article also looks into how other concepts, theories, schools of thought, tools, paradigms, and local and international networks have influenced the expansion of this concept. The goal is to trace the evolution of this concept over the last four decades.
The research results show that in the past, two main approaches dominated the idea of the university's social responsibility (economic development and social justice), and in recent years, there's been a convergence towards a new approach (public goods).
Additionally, systematic reviews of relevant research showed that the evolution of the concept of social responsibility in universities has been divided into three time periods over the last 40 years.
The “social service” or outreach period (from the 1980s onward), The "social participation" period (from 2000 onward) and The "social engagement" period (from 2015 onward).
Thus, to maintain their relevance and significance in society, universities must actively involve external stakeholders such as industries, markets, and communities in all aspects of their academic work, including their structure, strategy, and functions. This active engagement with the outside world is crucial for the university's ongoing role in society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Social Responsibility
  • Metatheory
  • Social Service
  • Social Participation
  • Social Engagement

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