بازبینی برنامه درسی رشته‌های مهندسی برای توسعه فناوری

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشکده مهندسی مکانیک و عضو قطب علمی سامانه‌ها و سازه‌های هوشمند دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

2 عضو هیأت علمی مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع و بهره‌وری دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر

چکیده

ایجاد ارتباط میان بخش‌های دانشگاهی و صنعتی از مهم‌ترین موضوعات سیاست‌گذاری نوآوری در چارچوب نظام ملی نوآوری در کشورهای مختلف توسعه‌یافته و در حال توسعه است و نقش دانشگاه‌ها در مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی کشورها در حال تغییر است. هدف اصلی دانشگاه‌های نسل اول بر آموزش مستقیم بنا شده است، دانشگاه‌های نسل دوم (در حال حاضر) برمبنای آموزش مبتنی بر پژوهش و آموزش برای انجام پژوهش تغییر یافته‌اند. در نسل سوم دانشگاه‌ها، هم‌زمان با آموزش نیروی انسانی برای تولید علم و توسعه فناوری در حل مسائل و مشکلات رایج، تولید کار و ثروت‌آفرینی نیز در اهداف و برنامه‌هایشان قرار خواهد گرفت. در نسل چهارم دانشگاه‌ها اضافه بر وظایف نسل سوم باید به سمت تربیت خلاق و نوآور و خلاقیت و نوآوری حرکت کنند. برنامه‌های آموزش مهندسی در اوایل قرن بیستم میلادی بیشتر تجربه‌ها و مهارت‌های عملی را به دانشجویان عرضه می‌کردند، ولی با پیشرفت‌های علمی و گسترش دانش فنی و ابداع روش‌های تحلیلی و محاسباتی و با به‌کارگیری ابزار‌های دقیق و سریع محاسباتی، آموزش مهندسی به سمت علوم مهندسی گرایش پیدا کرد. از دهه 1990 تغییراتی در آموزش مهندسی در دنیا در مسیر بهینه‌سازی فرایند‌ها و کاهش هزینه‌های تولید رخ داده است. با پیشرفت علم و فناوری و جهانی شدن آموزش مهندسی، ضرورت بازنگری مستمر در اهداف، ساختارها و روش‌های نوین نظام آموزش مهندسی متناسب با نیازهای کشور در همراهی با تحولات جهانی بیش از پیش احساس می‌شود. این مقاله در ابتدا به بررسی تعاریف، وضعیت و جایگاه جهانی ایران در فناوری پرداخته و سپس دروس مورد نیاز برای تربیت نیروی انسانی در توسعه فناوری در کشور بررسی و با مطالعه و بازبینی برنامه‌های درسی دوره‌های کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد در پنج رشته مهندسی منتخب و مؤثرتر به عنوان مطالعه موردی و نمونه، شامل مهندسی مکانیک، مهندسی برق، مهندسی صنایع، مهندسی شیمی و مهندسی پلیمر، برای توانمندسازی دانشجویان مهندسی کمبود‌های موجود بررسی می‌شود. در مرحله بعد، رشته‌های کارشناسی و کارشناسی ارشد و بین‌رشته‌ای با ارتباط بیشتر با فناوری مطالعه می‌شوند. سپس راه‌های تقویت ارتباط مؤثرتر صنعت با دانشگاه برای آموزش مفیدتر و مؤثرتر فناوری در رشته‌های مهندسی بررسی و در پایان نیز به افزایش توانایی اعضای هیأت علمی در توسعه فناوری پرداخته می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Engineering Programs Revision for Technology Development

نویسندگان [English]

  • Firoz Bakhtiarinejad 1
  • Nahid sheykhan 2
1 Professor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Member of Scientific Center of Smart Structures and Systems of Amirkabir University of Technology
2 Member of faculty of Amirkabir University of Technology Industrial and Industrial Engineering Research Center
چکیده [English]

Creating linkages between academic and industrial sectors is one of the most important concerns in innovative policy-making within the framework of national innovation system in different developed and developing countries and the role of universities in management and planning of the countries is changing.The first generation universities’ main objective was established based on direct instruction. The objective of second generation universities (currently) is changed to research-based education and training for performing research. In the third generation universities, along with training of human resources to create science and develop technology in order to resolve common issues and problems, entrepreneurship and wealth creation will be also included in their aims and plans. In addition to the duties of the third generation universities, the fourth generation universities should move toward creative and innovative education and creativity and innovation. In the early twentieth century, engineering education programs mostly had provided students with practical skills and experiences. But with advances in science and development in technical knowledge and creation of analytical and computational methods and the employment of fast and accurate computational tools, engineering education has tend toward engineering sciences. Since the 1990s, some changes on the path of optimizing the processes and reducing production costs have been occurred. Since the advancement of science and technology and globalization of engineering education, correspond with international developments, the continuous revision of objectives, structures and modern methods of engineering education system tailored to the needs of the country, more and more has become a matter of necessity. First, the paper discusses the definitions and status and global standing of Iran in the area of technology. Subsequently, it reviews the required courses in order to train human resources for technology development in the country. Afterward, by studying and reviewing the undergraduate and postgraduate programs curricula in five selected and more effective engineering majors including Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Polymer Engineering as a case study and sample and to empower engineering students, the current shortcomings will be discussed.The next part studies the undergraduate, graduate and interdisciplinary majors which are more related to the area of technology. Afterward, the paper discusses the more effective options to amplify the linkages between university and industrial sectors in order to enrich the technology training in the engineering majors. At last, boosting the ability of faculty members in the development of technology will be discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Engineering Education
  • Technology
  • Innovation
  • Undergraduate Courses
  • Postgraduate Courses
  • Training Courses
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[8] Landry, R., Amara, N., Rherrad, I. (2006) “Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities”. Research Policy 35 (2006) pp. 1599–1615.
[9] Druilhe, C. and E. Garnsey (2004). "Do Academic Spin-Outs Differ and Does it Matter?" The Journal of Technology Transfer 29(3): 269-285.
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