ضرورت شناسایی و تدوین شاخص‌های موضوعی علم، فناوری و نوآوری: مطالعه موردی: حوزه واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرم‌سازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف از این پژوهش، تبیین ضرورتِ شناسایی و تدوین شاخص‌های موضوعی و اختصاصی علم، فناوری و نوآوری در حوزه "واکسن و فراورده‌های بیولوژیک"، است.
روش پژوهش: از روش کتابخانه‌ای و سندی استفاده شده است. این پژوهش به ترتیب در 3 مرحله به شرح زیر صورت گرفته است: الف. تمامی اسناد بالادستی کلی و موضوعی مرتبط با واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک کشور به منظور پی‌بردن به اهمیت این حوزه و استخراج اهداف، شاخص‌ها و برنامه‌های مربوط به این حوزه، بررسی شدند. ب. به منظور شناسایی فعالیت‌های اصلی علم، فناوری و نوآوری در حوزه ساخت و توسعه واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک، منابع اطلاعاتی مربوطه بررسی شدند. ج. در نهایت، فعالیت‌های علم، فناوری و نوآوری در این حوزه با شاخص‌های موجود مقایسه شدند تا میزان پاسخگویی شاخص‌های موجود برای پایش و نظارت بر فعالیت‌ها و برنامه‌های این حوزه مشخص شود.
یافته‌ها: تمامی اسناد بالادستی بر اهمیت علم، فناوری و نوآوری و ضرورت پایش، ارزیابی و سنجش آن در حوزه واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک تاکید نموده‌اند. در پژوهش‌های پیشین فقط 2 شاخص بسیار کلی در حوزه علم و فناوری واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک یافت شد. فعالیت‌های اصلی استخراج شده از منابع اطلاعاتی مرجع و معتبر تخصصی در مورد حوزه واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک بیش از 100 مورد مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: ساختار و محتوای تمامی اسناد بالادستی دربرگیرنده جهت‌گیری‌ها، سیاست‌ها، الزامات و شاخص‌های کلی و عمومی است و قرار نیست به ریز ریز موارد اشاره مفصل بشود. بلکه ذکر موضوع‌ها و مباحث در اسناد بالادستی، نشانه اهمیت آن موضوع است. با استفاده از فقط 2 شاخص بسیار کلی، نمی‌توان بیش از 100 فعالیت اصلی این حوزه را ارزیابی و پایش نمود. بخش واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک کشور نیز به دنبال هم‌راستایی با دیگر بخش‌ها و در راستای تحقق اهداف اسناد بالادستی نیازمند تدوین شاخص‌های اختصاصی علم، فناوری و نوآوری است. در مجموع، به نظر می‌رسد که شاخص‌های موجود و کلان علم، فناوری و نوآوری، پاسخ‌گوی نیاز ارزیابی، پایش و سنجش مستمر فعالیت‌های حوزه "واکسن و فرآورده‌های بیولوژیک" نیست. بنابراین، شناسایی و تدوین شاخص‌های اختصاصی این حوزه امری ضروریست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The need to identify and develop thematic indicators of science, technology and innovation: A case study: the field of vaccines and biological products

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Yousefi 1
  • farideh osareh 2
  • Ali Mirjalili 3
1 PhD Student of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 PhD Student of Knowledge and Information Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explain the need to identify and develop thematic and specific indicators of science, technology and innovation in the field of "vaccines and biological products".
Research Method: The library and document method has been used. This research was conducted in three consecutive stages as follows: 1. All general and thematic upstream documents related to the country were reviewed in order to realize the importance of vaccines and biological products and to extract goals, indicators and programs related to this field; 2. In order to identify the main activities of science, technology and innovation in the field of manufacturing and development of vaccines and biological products, the relevant information sources were reviewed. 3. Finally, science, technology and innovation activities in this field were compared with existing indicators to determine the response rate of existing indicators to monitor and surveillance activities and programs in this field.
Results: All upstream documents have emphasized the importance of science, technology and innovation and the need to monitor, evaluate and measure it in the field of vaccines and biological products. Previous research has found only two very general indicators in the field of vaccine science and technology and biological products. The main activities extracted from the reference and reliable specialized information sources in the field of vaccines and biological products were more than 100 cases.
Conclusion: The structure and content of all upstream documents include general and macro orientations, policies, requirements and indicators. Therefore, there was not enough opportunity or necessity to pay attention and to describe in more detail the indicators of science, technology and innovation required by each of the thematic and important scientific sections, including very important, pivotal and strategic sections such as "vaccines and biological products" in these documents. Using only 2 very general indicators, it is not possible to evaluate and monitor more than 100 main activities in this field. The vaccine and biological products sector of the country also seeks to develop specific indicators of science, technology and innovation in order to achieve alignment with other sectors and in order to achieve the goals of upstream documents. Overall, the existing and macro indicators of science, technology and innovation do not meet the need for continuous evaluation, monitoring and evaluation of activities in the field of "vaccines and biological products". Therefore, it is necessary to identify and develop specific indicators in this area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vaccines
  • Biological products
  • Science indicators
  • Technology indicators
  • Innovation indicators

مراجع

[1]   Amador SR, Pérez, MD, Perez, MJLH, Font PJR. Indicator system for managing science, technology and innovation in universities. Scientometrics. 2018; 115 (3): 1575-1587.
[2]   Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Main science and technology indicators (MSTI): List of indicators- electronic edition. (2015). (2020 May 11). Available at:   http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/msti.htm.
[3]   Nordic Institute. Science and Technology Indicators: R&D statistics. Norway: NIFU–Nordic Institute; 2015.
[4]   Twenty-year vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian). (2004). (2020 May 11). Available at: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/132295.
[5]   [National Biotechnology Document of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian)]. National Biotechnology Strategy Development Project; By order of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Secretariat of the High Council of Biotechnology. Tehran: Ahar; 2006.
[6]   Law of the Fifth Development Plan of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian). Approved by the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran. (2009). (2020 May 11). Available at: http://rc.majlis.ir/fa/law/show/790196.
[7]   Document of strategic transformation of science and technology development of Iran (Persian). Tehran: Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. (2009). (2020 May 11). Available at:    https://strategic.iut.ac.ir/sites/strategic/files/ufiles/t_Sanade%20Tahavol%20%28%2088-6-28%20% 29.pdf.
[8]   Comprehensive scientific map of Iran (Persian). Tehran: Supreme Council for Cultural Revolution; 2010.
[9]   Comprehensive scientific map of health for Iran (Persian). Tehran: Supreme Council for Cultural Revolution; Specialized Committee for Health and Life Sciences; Ministry of Health and Medical Education; 2010.
[10]  Vaccine Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Document on Horizon 1404 (Persian). Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Commission on Health, Food Security and Social Welfare. (2011). (2020 May 11). Available at: http://s1.picofile.com/file/7636325371/Vaccine_91_ 01_27.pdf.html.
[11]  Comprehensive scientific map of agriculture (Persian). Approved by the Steering Council of the Agricultural Sector. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization; 2013.
[12]  Namdarian L, Alidousti S. Designing and developing a website for information recourses related to indicators for monitoring and evaluation of science, technology and innovation (Persian). Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management. 2018; 23 (4): 1611-1636.
[13]  Shahmirzadi, Tayebeh. [An Investigation within science and technology indicators in Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization, and proposing continuous evaluation system (Persian)]. [PhD dissertation]. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch; 2018.
[14]  Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute Strategic Plan (Persian). Sharif University of Technology; Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute; 2007.
[15]  Tabatabaei Bafghi SM, Etemadifard A, Soleimani Bafghi SA. [Identification of science and technology evaluation indicators at national and international level and study of the performance of Islamic Azad University units in Yazd province (Persian)]. Paper presented at: The 3rd Conference on Modern Management Sciences, 13 Shahrivar 1393, Islamic Azad University, Aliabad-e Katoul Branch, Gorgan, Iran, 2014; 1-13 p.
[16]  Khaleqi N. Evaluation indicators for science and technology (Persian). Book Quarterly, 2007; 71: 91-106.
[17]  Shamsi M, Nourmohammadi H. Identifying the Most Important Indicators and Models in Evaluation of Science and Technology in Knowledge-Based Companies in Iran (Persian). Scientometrics Research Journal. 2018; 4 (8): 1-16.
[18]  Zhang ZS, Zhao XL. Optimization of evaluation indexes of competitiveness of science technology and innovation based on quantitative approach. Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences & Cryptography. 2017; 20 (6-7): 1357-1362.
[19]  Chaturvedi S, Srinivas KR. Science and technology indicators: new issues and challenges. Current Science. 2012; (102) 12: 1640-1644.
[20]  Namdarian L, Kalantari N, Alidousti S. Evaluation of science, technology and innovation: a review of indicators and organizations (Persian). Tehran: Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc); Chapar; 2017.
[21]  Manyuchi AE, Mugabe JO. The production and use of indicators in science, technology and innovation policy-making in Africa: Lessons from Malawi and South Africa. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management. 2018; 9 (1): 23-41.
[22]  Alaee Arani M, Naghshineh N, Taheri SM. Science and technology output indicators in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a case study on the relevance between patents and scientific products of Iranian inventors (Persian). Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management. 2012; 27 (4): 1033-1052.
[23]  Owlia P, Ghanei M, Mirafzali SM, Siadat SD, Malekifar S, Esmailzadeh H et al. Highlights of the final draft of the national policy document for science, technology and innovation in vaccine production in Iran. Vaccine Research. 2015; 2 (1-2): 1-5.
[24]  Marandi V, Tabatabaeian H, Jafari P. Azarnoosh M. An analysis on technological innovation system regarding Iranian bio-products (focused on human vaccines) (Persian). Innovation Management Journal. 2017; 6 (3): 1-26.
[25]  Black E. Innovation cycle: who is innovator? Business Line. 2007; 23 (1): 32-40.
[26]  Academic Press dictionary of science and technology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Academic Press; 1996.
[27]  ‌Oxford Learner’s dictionary. “Entry: Standard”. (2020) (2020 May 11). Available at:           https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/.
[28]  ‌International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Agricultural science and technology indicators. (2014). (2020 May 11). Available at: https://www.asti.cgiar.org/astisurvey.
[29]  Rafols I, Molas-Gallart J, Woolley R. Science and technology indicators in & for the peripheries: a research agenda, Paper presented at: Proceedings of ISSI 2015 Istanbul: 15th International Society of Scientometrics and Informetrics Conference, Istanbul, Turkey.
[30]  Ruas TL, Pereira L, Grosky WI. Science, Technology and Innovation Exploration in Biophotonics through a Scientometric Approach. Paper presented at: IEEE International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Control, Energy and Materials (ICSTM). Chennai, India, Aug 02-04, 2017; 36-43.
[31]  Guimaraes R, Noronha J, Elias FTS, Gadelha CAG, Carvalheiro JD, Ribeiro A. Policy for Science, Technology and Innovation in Health. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. 2019; 24 (3): 881-886.
[32]  Safa L, Hejazi Y, Hosseini M, Rezvanfar A. Designing the Measurement Model of Components of Nanotechnology Commercialization in the Iranian Agricultural Sector (Persian). Journal of Entrepreneurship Development. 2013; 6 (2): 175-194.
[33]  Spraeen F. Suggest how to evaluate science and technology in the field of economics (Persian). [Master thesis]. Tehran: Shahed University; 2014.
[34]  Kalantari N. Designing a model for evaluating the system of science, technology and innovation in the information and communication technology sector of Iran (Persian). PhD dissertation. Tehran: Tarbiat Modarres University; 2015.
[35]  Index Medicus. (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: www.pubmed.gov.
[36]  Access to vaccines index 2017: how vaccine companies are responding to calls for greater immunization coverage. Amsterdam: Access to Medicine Foundation; 2017.
[37]  Morrow WJW, Sheikh NA, Schmidt CS, Davies DH. (Eds). Vaccinology: Principles and Practice. New Delhi: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2012.
[38]  Kurstak E (Ed.). Modern Vaccinology. New York: Springer Science+Business Media; 1994.
[39]  Baschieri, S (Ed). Innovation in Vaccinology: From Design, Through to Delivery and Testing. New York: Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht; 2012.
[40]  Milligan GN, Barrett ADT (Eds.). Vaccinology: an essential guide. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons; 2015.
[41]  Giese M. Introduction to Molecular Vaccinology. Heidelberg: Springer; 2016.
[42]  Skwarczynski M, Toth I (Eds). Micro- and nanotechnology in vaccine development. Amsterdam: Elsevier; Book Aid International; 2017.
[43]  Ishii KJ, Tang CK. Biological DNA sensor: The Impact of Nucleic Acids on Diseases and Vaccinology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014.
[44]  Flower DR. Bioinformatics for Vaccinology. Singapore: wiley-blackwell; 2008.
[45]  Information Center of Jihade Daneshgahi. Scientific Information Database (Persian). (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/.
[46]  Clarivate Analytics. Web of Science. (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: http://apps.webofknowledge.com/.
[47]  Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute. Integrated Agricultural Education and Research Union Catalogue Database (FIPAK) (Persian). (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: www.fipak.areeo.ac.ir.
[48]  Open Access Theses and Dissertations. (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: https://oatd.org.
[49]  The Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc). Iran Scientific Information Database (Ganj) (Persian). (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/.
[50]  United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Patent Full-text Database. (2020). (2020 May 11). Available at: http://patft.uspto.gov.
[51]  Landeta J. Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2006; 73 (5): 467-82.
[52]  Zolfagharnasab S. History of Science and Technology Evaluation and the Emergence of Science Indicators (Persian) Pamphlet. Tehran: Cultural and Scientific Supervision and Evaluation Board, Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. 2004; (2020 May 11). Available at:           http://eform.dte.ir/portal/home/?paper/66352/131923/59035/.
[53]  The Sixth National Development Plan of Iran. General and quantitative goals of the health sector in the sixth development plan of Iran (Persian). Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Deputy for Planning, Coordination and Legal Affairs. 2015.
[54]  Shahmirzadi T, Hariri N, Fahimnia F, Babalhavaeji F, Matlabi D. Investigation of Evaluating Indicators for Science, Technology and Innovation in the Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (Persian). Scientometrics Research Journal. 2019; 5 (9): 47-66.
[55]  Alizadeh P. Measuring science and technology (1): science and technology assessment system in Iran. Tehran: Office of Communication Studies and New Technologies, Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran; 2010.
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار