ارائه بسته سیاستی کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی-اقتصادی علوم انسانی برای دست‌یابی به مرجعیت علمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله در صدد ارائة بستة سیاستی حمایت از کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی است. اگرچه در سال‌های اخیر دستیابی به مرجعیت علمی در حوزة علوم انسانی از کلیدواژه‌ها و مفاهیم پرتکرار در اسناد بالادستی بوده است و بر ضرورت حمایت از کاربردی‌سازی علوم انسانی به‌ عنوان موتور محرکة تمدن‌سازی تأکید شده، تاکنون به ندرت بستة سیاستی منسجمی برای حمایت از کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی که در تحقق مرجعیت علمی اهمیت زیادی دارد، ارائه شده است. در حالی‌که کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی تاریخچه‌ای طولانی دارد و از مباحث اخلاقی و حقوقی آغاز شده و تا گسترش مؤسسات آموزشی و پژوهشی (با تمرکز بر توسعة مفاهیم علمی) و سپس تأثیرات اقتصادی و اجتماعی ملموس‌تر برای صنعت و جامعه تداوم یاقته است. با این‌حال کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی در مقایسه یا علوم پایه و فنی، شاخص‌های متفاوتی دارد و به ابزارهای سیاستی متناسب با شرایط علوم انسانی از سوی نهادهای عمومی و دولتی نیاز دارد. به این منظور در پیشینة تحقیق حمایت‌های 9 نهاد تخصصی بین‌المللی حمایت از علوم انسانی از جمله موقوفة ملی علوم انسانی آمریکا، مؤسسة ملی علوم انسانی و اجتماعی آفریقای جنوبی، صندوق اجتماعی اروپا، شورای تحقیقات علوم انسانی و هنر بریتانیا و دفتر نوآوری اجتماعی و مشارکت شهروندی آمریکا را بررسی و چارچوب اولیة حمایت از کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی را استخراج کردیم.
برای متناسب‌سازی چارچوب اولیة استخراج‌شده از پیشینة تحقیق با نیازها و بافتار ایران با استفاده از روش گلوله برفی با 25 نفر از متخصصان علوم انسانی از بهمن‌ 1401 تا خرداد 1402 مصاحبه کردیم. برای به حداقل رساندن سوگیری تلاش کردیم با خبرگانی از سازمان‌ها و نهادهای مختلف مصاحبه کنیم. برای تحلیل داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده نیز از منطق تحلیل ابداعی استفاده کردیم. تحلیل محتوای ابداعی یک روش تحقیق کیفی است که برای تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل داده‌های متنی و کشف الگوها، مضامین و معانی درون داده‌ها استفاده می‌شود.
در نهایت 18 حمایت ذیل 5 برنامة سیاستی برای کاربردی‌سازی و اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی علوم انسانی پیشنهاد شده است. برنامه‌های سیاستی پیشنهادی نویسندگان عبارت‌اند از 1) حمایت از پژوهش‌های کاربردی، توسعه‌ای و بار اول؛ 2) حمایت از توسعة محصول و خدمت؛ 3) حمایت از توانمندسازی و مهارت‌افزایی تخصصی برای نیروهای دانشی؛ 4) حمایت از خدمات و مراکز ارائة خدمت نوآورانة فرهنگی و اجتماعی؛ 5) حمایت از توسعة زیرساخت‌ها و شبکه‌سازی. برنامه‌ها و ابزارهای سیاستی پیشنهادی این مقاله دارای دلالت‌های کاربردی و نظری در هدایت و جهت‌دهی به سازوکارهای حمایت از اثربخشی اجتماعی–اقتصادی حوزة علوم انسانی است.


کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Proposing a policy mix for enhancing socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities to achieve scientific authority

نویسندگان [English]

  • Kiarash Fartash 1
  • Amir Ghorbani 2
1 Faculty Member, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran
2 Researcher, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This paper aims to provide a policy mix to support the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities.
While gaining scientific authority within humanities disciplines and championing their role in advancing civilization have certainly pervaded policy discourse in recent years, the observation highlights a shortcoming - namely, the lack of a cohesive policy mix to reliably foster the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities. Literature shows that the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities have a rich historical trajectory. Its origins lie in addressing ethical and legal concerns, which then evolved to encompass the establishment of educational and research institutions focused on scientific concepts. Subsequently, humanities began yielding tangible economic and social benefits for industries and society. However, when comparing the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities to fundamental and engineering sciences, a tailored policy framework is indispensable to acknowledge the unique position of humanities within government structures. To shed light on this matter, we conducted an examination of nine esteemed international humanities institutions, including the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), European Social Fund (ESF), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation (OSICP), Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), and Arab Council for the Social Science (ACSS). From this comprehensive analysis, we derived an initial framework aimed at enhancing the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities.
We employed a qualitative methodology to contextualize the initial framework within the Iranian context. From January to May 2023, we conducted interviews with 25 experts utilizing the snowball technique, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives. By engaging experts affiliated with various organizations and institutions, e.g., the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Vice-Presidency for Science, Technology, and Knowledge-Based Economy, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and Academy of Sciences of Iran, we sought to minimize bias and capture a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. To analyze the gathered data, we employed the abductive content analysis approach—an esteemed qualitative research method renowned for its ability to unveil patterns, themes, and inherent meanings within textual data. This meticulous, analytical process allowed us to derive valuable insights specific to the Iranian context.
Based on our findings, we suggested a set of 18 supports under 5 policy mix to foster the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities. The proposed policy mix, proposed by the authors, encompasses the following.
- Supporting applied and developmental research: By allocating resources towards applied research initiatives, we aim to enhance the practical relevance of humanities. This approach ensures that research outcomes contribute directly to societal and economic needs.
- Supporting product and service development: We foster their application in real-world contexts by facilitating the development of innovative products and services rooted in humanities. This enables translating theoretical knowledge into tangible solutions for industries and society.
- Supporting empowerment and specialized skill enhancement for skilled workers: Recognizing the pivotal role of skilled professionals in driving socio-economic progress, we advocate for initiatives that empower and enhance the expertise of individuals working within humanities-related fields. This support ensures the cultivation of specialized skills needed to address contemporary challenges.
- Supporting innovative cultural and social services and centers: By investing in the establishment and sustenance of cultural and social service centers, we create spaces that promote creativity, innovation, and community engagement. This support enables exploring novel ways in which humanities can positively impact society.
- Supporting infrastructure development and networking: Recognizing the significance of robust infrastructure and networking opportunities, we emphasize the need for investments in this realm. By fostering a supportive ecosystem, we enable effective collaboration, knowledge sharing, and resource utilization within the humanities community.
The policy mix and support measures proposed in this study hold both practical and theoretical implications. They provide a roadmap for directing mechanisms that effectively promote the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities, ensuring their continued relevance and impact in contemporary society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Socio-economic effectiveness of humanities
  • Applicability of humanities
  • Policy mix for supporting of humanities
  • Scientific Authority
  • Humanities Authority

مراجع

Belfiore, E., & Upchurch, A. (2013). Humanities in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Utility and Markets. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Epperson, M., & Pettus-Davis, C. (2017). Smart Decarceration: Achieving Criminal Justice Transformation in the 21st Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McAlpine, L., & Amundsen, C. (2011). Doctoral Education: Research-Based Strategies for Doctoral Students, Supervisors and Administrators. Dordrecht: Springer Dordrecht.
Miller, S. (2014). Excellence and Equity: The National Endowment for the Humanities. Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky.
Russell, B. (1967). A History of Western Philosophy. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Seidman, I. (2005). Interviewing as Qualitative Research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York: Teachers College Press.
Tavory, I., & Timmermans, S. (2014). Abductive Analysis: Theorizing Qualitative Research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Azadi, G. (2022). Extraction and prioritization of strategies for achieving scientific leadership in Iran with an interpretive structural modeling approach. Journal of Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 11 (41), 240-265. (Persian)
Buchanan, A. (2015). Impact and knowledge mobilisation: what I have learnt as Chair of the Economic and Social Research Council Evaluation Committee. In Knowledge Mobilisation and Social Sciences (p. 15). London: Routledge.
Fartash, K., & Khayatian, M. (2019). The Role Universities and Research Institutes Plays in Science and Technology Development and Policies Supporting Them. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 12 (2), 255-267. (Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.20080840.1398.12.2.17.2
Field, J. M. (2003). Building a National Preservation Program: National Endowment for the Humanities Support for Preservation. In The Strategic Stewardship of Cultural Resources (p. 8). New York: Routledge.
Gascoigne, T., & Metcalfe, J. (2005). Commercialisation of Research Activities in the Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences in Australia. Parkville: Council for Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences (CHASS).
Ghanei Rad, M., Mahmoodi, M., & Abadi , H. E. (2017). Compilation of Multidimensional Model for Evaluation of Humanities and Social Science’ Development. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 10 (1), 85-103. (Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.20080840.1396.10.1.6.5
Golhasany, H., Hosseini, T., & Hassanzadeh, M. (2021). Challenges to Creating Impact in Humanities and Social Sciences in Iran: A Grounded Theory Analysis. Sciences and Techniques of Information Management, 7 (2), 141-174. (Persian) doi: 10.22091/STIM.2020.5770.1415
González-Alegre, J. (2018). Active labour market policies and the efficiency of the European Social Fund in Spanish regions. Regional Studies, 52 (3), 430-443. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2017.1315396
Grimm, R., Fox, C., Baines, S., & Albertson, K. (2013). Social innovation, an answer to contemporary societal challenges? Locating the concept in theory and practice. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 26 (4), 436-455. doi: 10.1080/13511610.2013.848163
Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1982). Epistemological and methodological bases of naturalistic inquiry. ECTJ, 30, 233–252. doi: 10.1007/BF02765185
Hafezi, R., Rasouli, F. M., & Aminlou , M. (2022). An Essay on Scientific Authority from the Perspective of a Selected Pre-eminent Iranian Scientist. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 15 (3), 29-40. (Persian) doi: 10.22034/JSTP.2022.13956
Hassanzadeh, M. (2023). Multilayer model of scientific authority. Sciences and Techniques of Information Management, 9 (2), 443-451. (Persian) doi: 10.22091/stim.2023.2521
Herbert, J. (2008). Creating the AHRC: An Arts and Humanities Research Council for the United Kingdom in the Twenty-first Century. London: British Academy.
Inglesi-Lotz, R., & Pouris, A. (2018). Does South African research output promote innovation? South African Journal of Science, 114 (9/10), 1-3. doi: 0.17159/sajs.2018/a0286
IRPHE. (2022). Iran's Higher Education Statistics (2020-2021). Tehran: Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. (Persian) Available at: https://irphe.ac.ir/files/Statistic/files/Amar1Negah/1399-1400.pdf.
Jafari, M., Seyedjavadi, M., & Zaboli, R. (2021). Role of Scientific Authority in the Development Process in Iran: A Systematic Review. Journal of Medical Education Development, 13 (39), 35-48. (Persian) doi: 10.29252/edcj.13.39.36
Jerrim, J., & Vries, R. (2023). Are peer reviews of grant proposals reliable? An analysis of Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) funding applications. The Social Science Journal, 60 (1), 91-109. doi: 10.1080/03623319.2020.1728506
Kriener, J. (2015). Like on Different Planets? Lebanese Social Scientists in Their Scientific Communities. Middle East - Topics & Arguments, 4, 122-136. doi: 10.17192/meta.2015.4.3043
Love, H., Lajoie, J., & Boger, J. (2021). Ethical Tech Innovation: Uniting Educational Initiatives and Professional Practice. Ontario: UWSpace. doi:hdl.handle.net/10012/17764
Mahdinejhad, M., Barzegar, P., Fatehrad, M., & Zahedi, M. (2020). Development an Architecture Framework for Science, Technology and Innovation In order to Achieve Scientific Authority. Strategic Management Studies of National Defence Studies , 4 (13), 71-110. (Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.74672588.1399.4.13.3.0
Marques, P., Morgan, K., & Richardson, R. (2018). Social innovation in question: The theoretical and practical implications of a contested concept. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36 (3), 496-512. doi: 10.1177/2399654417717986
Marshev, V. I. (2021). History of Management Thought: Genesis and Development from Ancient Origins to the Present Day. Berlin: Springer Cham.
Mohammadi, M. (2014). A Paradigmatic Transition from Quantitative Research to Qualitative Research in Humanities. Rahyaft, 57 (24), 93-116. (Persian) doi: 20.1001.1.10272690.1393.24.57.6.7
Murambadoro, R., Mashayamombe, J., & Wenkosi, U. (2022). The PhD Experience in African Higher Education. Maryland: Lexington Books.
Namvararabani, Z., & Abbaspour, A. (2021). In search of the model of commercialization of university researches with metasynthesis application. Rahyaft, 83 (31), 19-34. (Persian) doi: 10.22034/RAHYAFT.2022.10876.1263
Narimani, A. R., & Vaezi, R. (2017). Identify factors to the commercialization of research in Knowledge of public administration. Journal of Public Administration, 9 (2), 235-262. (Persian) doi: 10.22059/JIPA.2017.236485.2047
Partha, G. (2010). Social Science Research in India: An Institutional Analysis of the ICSSR Experiment. IASSI Quarterly, 29 (1), 23-51.
Pelucha, M., Kveton, V., & Potluka, O. (2019). Using mixed method approach in measuring effects of training in firms: Case study of the European Social Fund support. Evaluation and Program Planning, 73, 146-155. doi: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.12.008
Pihlajamäki, H., Dubber, M. D., & Godfrey, M. (2018). The Oxford Handbook of European Legal History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ramoupi, N. L. (2014). African Research and Scholarship: 20 Years of Lost Opportunities to Transform Higher Education in South Africa. Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies, 38 (1), 269-286. doi: 10.5070/F7381025032
Ranjbar, M. S. (2023). Policy programs to support scientific and technological supremacy. Journal of Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 13 (47), 180-203. (Persian) doi: 10.22034/SSPP.2023.1987846.3374
Ridolfo, J., & Hart-Davidson, W. (2015). Rhetoric and the Digital Humanities. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Roody, K. (2010). University and Scientific Authority. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University.
Schiffer, M. B. (2008). Power Struggles: Scientific Authority and the Creation of Practical Electricity Before Edison. Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Scruton, R. (2001). A Short History of Modern Philosophy: From Descartes to Wittgenstein. Oxfordshire: Routledge.
Senior, T., Cooper, R., Dovey, J., Follett, G., & Shiach, M. (2018). Report 1: The Arts & Humanities in the Creative Economy: Core Learning from the AHRC Creative Economy Hubs programme. Swindon: Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Seteney, S. (2018). The value of knowledge production. Impact, 4 (2), 48-49. doi: 10.21820/23987073.2018.4.48
Shami, S. (2015). Social Sciences in the Middle East: Community building in an embattled region. New Perspectives on Turkey, 52, 135-153. doi: 10.1017/npt.2015.12
Tabatabaeenasab, S. M., & Ebrahimpour , M. (2014). Designing Products by Integrating Kano and QFD Models Using TOPSIS: A Case Study of Cell-Phone. Innovation Management Journal, 9 (3), 121-144. (Persian)
Tavallaei, R., & Allamdari, M. M. (2017). Techniques and Tools of Research Method in Management. Tehran: Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research. (Persian)
Tayefehbagher, D., Abazari, Z., Moradi, S., & Babalhavaeji , F. (2022). A Model for Evaluating the Impact of Humanities Research in Iran. Scientometrics Research Journal, 15 (8), 1-34. (Persian) doi: 10.22070/rsci.2020.13384.1450
Vaseghi, M. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing obstacles to achieving scientific authority in humanities. Tehran: Imam Sadiq University. PhD thesis. (Persian)
Verma, M. K., & Pathak, T. (2020). Research Institutes' Websites of Indian Council of Social Science Research: A Webometric Study. International Journal of Information Dissemination and Technology, 10 (2), 76-81. doi: 10.5958/2249-5576.2020.00013.8
Verma, M. K., & Pathak, T. (2021). Content Analysis and Design Trends of Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Institutes’ Websites of India: An Evaluation. The Journal of Indian Library Association, 57 (1), 92-104.
Verschraegen, G., Vanhercke, B., & Verpoorten, R. (2011). The European Social Fund and domestic activation policies: Europeanization mechanisms. Journal of European Social Policy, 21 (1), 55-72. doi: 10.1177/0958928710385733
VPSTK. (2023). Daneshbonyan. Tehran: Vice Presidency for Science, Technology, and Knowledge-Based Economy. Available at: https://pub.daneshbonyan.ir/dashboard. (Persian)
 

فایل ها

همرسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار