مرجعیت علمی در پرتو توسعه آزادی آکادمیک: مطالعه دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران،

چکیده

آزادی آکادمیک یکی از پیش‌نیازهای پیشرفت علم و دانش و توسعه جامعه دانشگاهی است. از این رو، در پژوهش حاضر رابطه میان آزادی آکادمیک و مرجعیت علمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کاربردی است که با روش پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش اعضای هیأت علمی دانشگاه سمنان بودند که اعضای نمونه با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش از دو پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته مرجعیت علمی و آزادی آکادمیک استفاده شد که روایی و پایایی آنها مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. پرسشنامه مرجعیت علمی از 5 بُعد، بهره‌وری علمی، اثربخشی علمی، ارتباطات علمی ملی و بین المللی، و ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای علمی، و تکریم و ارتقاء جامعه علمی تشکیل شده بود. پرسشنامه آزادی آکادمیک نیز شامل 5 بُعد آزادی تحقیق و تدریس، آزادی تبادل و انتشار دانشگاهی، استقلال نهادی دانشگاه، یکپارچگی پردیس، و آزادی بیان علمی و فرهنگی بود. مطابق با یافته‌های پژوهش، از دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی وضعیت شاخص‌های مرجعیت علمی در کشور در حد متوسط است که در میان شاخص‌ها، بهره‌وری علمی بیشترین میانگین و اثربخشی علمی کمترین میانگین را دارند. میانگین کلی آزادی آکادمیک نیز کمتر از حد متوسط بود که در میان شاخص‌های آن آزادی تبادل و انتشار دانشگاهی بیشترین میانگین و آزادی بیان علمی و فرهنگی کمترین میانگین را داشتند. همچنین یافته‌ها نشان داد، تفاوت معناداری میان دیدگاه اعضای هیأت علمی حوزه‌های موضوعی مختلف درباره وضعیت مرجعیت علمی و آزادی آکادمیک وجود دارد که در هر دو متغیر اعضای هیأت علمی حوزه‌ مهندسی بالاترین میانگین و حوزه علوم انسانی و اجتماعی کمترین میانگین را داشتند. نتیجه آزمون همبستگی و رگرسیون نیز گویای رابطه معنادار میان آزادی آکادمیک و مرجعیت علمی است و بخش قابل توجهی از تغییرات مرجعیت علمی از طریق متغیر آزادی آکادمیک قابل تبیین است. در مجموع می‌توان گفت، یکی از بایسته‌های اصلی توسعه علم و دانش در کشور و رسیدن به مرجعیت علمی توسعه آزادی آکادمیک در کشور است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Scientific authority in the light of the development of academic freedom: A study of faculty members' perspectives

نویسنده [English]

  • Hassan Mahmoudi Topkanlou
Assistant Professor, Knowledge and Information Science Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Academic freedom is one of the prerequisites for the advancement of science and knowledge and the development of academic society. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between academic freedom and scientific authority. The current research was of an applied type, which was carried out by the survey method. The statistical population of the research was the faculty members of Semnan University, and the sample members were selected by random sampling method. To collecting data, two researcher-made questionnaires of scientific authority and academic freedom were used, and their validity and reliability were confirmed. The scientific authority questionnaire consisted of 5 dimensions of scientific productivity, scientific effectiveness, national and international scientific communication, scientific values and norms, and honoring and promoting the scientific community. The academic freedom questionnaire also included 5 dimensions of freedom of research and teaching, freedom of academic exchange and publication, institutional independence of the university, campus integrity, and freedom of scientific and cultural expression. According to the findings of the research, from the point of the faculty members, the status of scientific reference indicators in the country was average, and among the indicators, scientific productivity had the highest average and scientific effectiveness had the lowest average. The overall average of academic freedom was also lower than the average, and among its indicators, freedom of academic exchange and publication had the highest average and freedom of scientific and cultural expression had the lowest average. Also, the findings showed that there is a significant difference between the views of faculty members of different subject areas about scientific authority and academic freedom, which had the highest mean in both variables in the engineering field and the lowest average in the field of humanities and social sciences. The result of the correlation and regression test also showed a significant relationship between academic freedom and scientific authority. Generally, one of the main requirements for the development of science and knowledge and reaching scientific authority is the development of academic freedom in the country.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Academic Authority
  • Academic Freedom
  • Scientific Productivity
  • scientific effectiveness
  • Freedom of Research and Teaching
  • Institutional Independence of the University
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