مروری بر چیستی، چرایی و استلزامات سیاست‌گذاری علم (ضرورتی برای توسعه علم در ایران)

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

دکتری آموزش عالی، دانش آموخته دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، مرکز پژوهش‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی، تهــران، ایــران

چکیده


سیاست‌ علم از مفاهیم پرکاربرد در بین محققان است که سال‌های اخیر نیز در قالب رشته‌ دانشگاهی به آن پرداخته شده است؛ اما در باب این مفهوم، الزامات و گستره‌ی مفهومی آن بحث‌های جدی صورت نگرفته است. سرعت و رشد تحولات علمی و وابستگی پیشرفت جامعه به فعالیت‌های علمی موجب شده است پرداختن به چیستی، چرایی، چگونگی و استلزامات سیاست‌گذاری علم ضرورت پیدا کند. در گام نخست این نوشته با استفاده از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی از مفاهیم علم و شبه علم و فعالیت علمی ابهام زدایی شد. درباره خاستگاه سیاست‌گذاری علم که عمدتا ناشی از پیوند علم با زمینه‌های اجتماعی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی و سیاسی جوامع پس از جنگ جهانی دوم است، یافته‌هایی ارائه شد و در ادامه چیستی و چرایی آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت؛ و با استناد به نظریه کارفرما-کارگزار به سوال بسیار مهم «چگونه غیر دانشمندان، دانشمندان را مجبور به انجام کاری می‌کنند؟» ، پاسخ داده شد. پس از آن، به مواردی همچون پشتیبانی از فعالیت‌های علمی به جای دخالت مستقیم، فراهم کردن بستر شکل‌گیری اجتماع علمی، انتخاب سیاستگذاران علم از درون اجتماع علمی، گسترش ارتباطات و تعاملات علمی بین المللی، دوری از رویکردهای سطحی در سیاست‌گذاری علم، پیوسته انگاشتن گذشته، حال و آینده‌ی فعالیت‌های علمی و توجه به پویایی سیاست‌گذاری علم همزمان با پویایی محیط به عنوان الزامات سیاست‌گذاری علم پرداخته شد. در نهایت بر اساس شناخت علم و خصوصیات آن و نیز درک مفهوم سیاست‌گذاری علم، گزاره‌ی «جهت‌دهی کلی، آگاهانه، منظم و تدریجی تلاش‌های جمعی کنشگران علم با هدف توسعه علم» به‌عنوان چهارچوبی از سیاست‌گذاری علم پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An overview of what, why and requirements of science policy )a necessity for the development of science in Iran)

نویسنده [English]

  • Hosein nasiri
PhD in Higher Education, Shahid Beheshti University, Islamic Parliament Research Center (IPRC), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Science policy is one of the most widely used concepts among researchers, which has been discussed in the form of university field in recent years; But there have been no serious discussions about this concept, its requirements and conceptual scope. the speed and growth of scientific developments and the dependence of society's progress on scientific activities have made it necessary to deal with what, why, how and requirements of science policy. In this research, in the first step, using a library study, the concepts of science and pseudo-science and scientific activity were disambiguated. The origin of science policy, which is mainly due to the connection of science with the social, economic, cultural and political contexts of the societies after World War II, was discussed, and then what and why it was investigated, and the very important question " How do non-scientists force scientists to do something?" By referring to the principle-agent theory, how science policy was answered. After that, to things like supporting scientific activities instead of direct intervention, providing a platform for the formation of scientific community cooperation, choosing science policy makers from within the scientific community, expanding international scientific communication and interactions, avoiding superficial approaches In science policy making, Continuous consideration of the past, present and future of scientific activities and paying attention to the dynamics of science policy making at the same time as the dynamics of the environment were discussed as requirements of science policy. Finally, based on the knowledge of science and its characteristics, as well as the understanding of the concept of science policy, The statement " general, conscious, regular and gradual direction of the collective efforts of science activists with the aim of developing science" was proposed as a framework of science policy.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key word: "science"
  • "science policy"
  • "Principle-Agent Theory"
  • "Development of Science"

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