تحلیل موانع و ارائه راهکارهای تقویت استقلال مالی دانشگاه‌های دولتی: مطالعه موردی برنامه‏ های توسعه ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار مدیریت ،دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی،تهران،ایران

2 استادیار مدیریت فناوری ، گروه تأمین مالی و اقتصاد علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مؤسسه تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور،تهران، ایران

3 دکترای مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اصلاح نظام تأمین مالی و استقلال دانشگاه‌ها در امور مالی و مدیریت منابع به‌عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین پیش‌نیازهای تحول نظام آموزش عالی شناخته می‌شود. این استقلال می‌تواند به افزایش بهره‌وری، بهبود عملکرد پژوهشی و آموزشی و تقویت انعطاف‌پذیری دانشگاه‌ها در مواجهه با تغییرات محیطی کمک کند. با این حال، دانشگاه‌های دولتی ایران همچنان با چالش‌های متعددی در تحقق این هدف مواجه هستند. هدف این پژوهش بررسی موانع و چالش‌های تحقق استقلال مالی دانشگاه‌های دولتی ایران و ارائه راهکارهای سیاستی برای اصلاح وضعیت موجود است. روش پژوهش کیفی و شامل چهار مرحله بوده است: مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات با استفاده از چارچوب PRISMA، کدگذاری و ترسیم شبکه مضامین برای استخراج چالش‌ها و راهکارها، تحلیل محتوای قوانین توسعه‌ای کشور و احصای پیشنهادهای سیاستی به کمک گروه کانونی. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که نبود چارچوب‌های قانونی مناسب، وابستگی شدید به بودجه‌های دولتی، ضعف در نظام پاسخگویی، ناکارآمدی شاخص‌های عملکردی، محدودیت در جذب منابع مالی از بخش خصوصی و نبود بسترهای همکاری مؤثر با صنعت از جمله موانع اصلی هستند.
بر این اساس، راهکارهای سیاستی زیر پیشنهاد می‌شود: (1) اصلاح قوانین توسعه‌ای و تقویت اختیارات هیأت امنا و کاهش مداخلات دولت و نهادهای نظارتی در امور مالی، اداری و دانشجویی؛ (2) تدوین شاخص‌های عملکردی شفاف و قابل اندازه‌گیری برای تخصیص بودجه بر اساس نتایج آموزشی و پژوهشی؛ (3) تنوع‌بخشی به منابع مالی دانشگاه‌ها از طریق جذب کمک‌های مالی، توسعه فعالیت‌های اقتصادی مبتنی بر دانش، و اصلاح مدل کسب‏وکار دانشگاه‏ها با توجه به تحولات جهانی و مفهوم دانشگاه تراز دیجیتال؛ (4) تقویت نظام پاسخگویی و تضمین کیفیت با ایجاد نهادهای مستقل اعتباربخشی؛ (5) اجرای تدریجی فرآیند استقلال مالی همراه با نظارت مستمر؛ و (6) افزایش مشارکت ذی‌نفعان مختلف از جمله بخش خصوصی، اتاق بازرگانی و اصناف در تأمین مالی پژوهش و فناوری.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Barriers and Policy Recommendations for Strengthening Financial Autonomy in Iranian Public Universities with an Emphasis on Development Plans

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Habibollah Tabatabarian 1
  • Parisa Alizadeh 2
  • Sajedeh Mokhtari Hasan Abad 3
1 Associate Professor of Management, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran,Iran
2 Assistant Professor of Technology Management, Department of Science, Technology and Innovation Finance and Economics, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP). Tehran, Iran
3 3. Ph.D. in Technology Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,Iran
چکیده [English]

The reform of the financial system and the financial autonomy of universities in resource management is recognized as one of the most important prerequisites for the transformation of the higher education system. This autonomy can enhance efficiency, improve research and educational performance, and strengthen universities' flexibility in adapting to environmental changes. However, public universities in Iran still face numerous challenges in achieving this goal.
The objective of this study is to examine the barriers and challenges to achieving financial autonomy in Iranian public universities and to propose policy solutions for improving the current situation. The research follows a qualitative approach and consists of four stages: a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, coding and thematic network analysis to extract challenges and solutions, content analysis of national development laws, and policy recommendation formulation through focus group discussions.
The findings indicate that the main obstacles include the lack of appropriate legal frameworks, heavy dependence on government budgets, weak accountability systems, inefficiency of performance indicators, limitations in attracting private sector funding, and the absence of effective collaboration mechanisms with industry.
Based on these findings, the study proposes the following policy recommendations: (1) revising development plans, strengthening the authority of university boards of trustees, and reducing government and regulatory intervention in financial, administrative, and student affairs; (2) developing clear and measurable performance indicators for budget allocation based on educational and research outcomes; (3) diversifying university funding sources by attracting financial support, promoting knowledge-based economic activities, and adapting university business models to global transformations, including digital universities; (4) enhancing accountability and quality assurance through the establishment of independent accreditation bodies; (5) implementing financial autonomy gradually with continuous monitoring; and (6) increasing stakeholder engagement, including private sector, chambers of commerce, and industry associations, in funding research and innovation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial autonomy
  • Higher education
  • Development plans
  • Accountability
  • Performance-Based Budgeting
  • Resource diversification
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