دسته‌بندی ابزارهای طرف تقاضا برای کاربردی‌سازی پژوهش‌های علوم انسانی و اجتماعی: یک مدل منطقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاست گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس،تهران، ایران

3 استادیار سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، موسسه تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران ایران

4 استادیار مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس ، تهران : ایران

چکیده

علیرغم منافع علوم انسانی و اجتماعی برای جامعه، این حوزه‌ها به‌دلیل فقدان تعامل مناسب با ذینفعان و عدم آگاهی از نیازهای بازار با چالش شکست بازار و سیستم مواجه‌اند؛ یعنی پژوهشگران از تقاضای واقعی جامعه بی‌خبرند و کاربران بالقوه از خدمات و محصولات این حوزه‌ها اطلاع ندارند. نقش حیاتی این علوم در مواجهه با چالش‌های کلان و ضرورت اثبات توانایی خلق ارزش اقتصادی در کنار منافع بلندمدت، لزوم تعریف ابزارهای سیاستی طرف تقاضای نوآوری برای کاربردی‌سازی این علوم را توجیه می‌کند. مقاله حاضر با در نظر گرفتن منافع فرادانشگاهی علوم انسانی و اجتماعی در ابعاد اجتماعی و سیاستی و ضرورت توسعه بازار برای منافع اجتماعی و بازارسازی برای منافع سیاستی، با مرور نظام‌مند پیشینه و کدگذاری یافته‌های 37 منبع در قالب مدلی منطقی (بررسی خروجی‌ها، پیامدها و تأثیرات ابزارهای طرف تقاضا و نقش آن‌ها در توسعه یا ایجاد بازار نوآوری‌)، به دسته‌بندی ابزارهای طرف تقاضا برای کاربردی‌سازی علوم انسانی و اجتماعی پرداخته است که در چهار دسته «تقاضای دولتی»، «تحریک تقاضای خصوصی»، «مقررات‌گذاری» و «رویکردهای نظام‌مند» بررسی شده‌اند. بر حسب نتایج، تحریک تقاضای خصوصی از طریق اعطای بن‌های خرید فرهنگی، تسهیلات بازاریابی و وضع مقررات حمایتی می‌تواند به توسعه بازار این علوم، فروش و درآمدزائی بیش‌تر و افزایش سهم محصولات فرهنگی و هنری در اقتصاد کمک کند. همچنین، ابزارهای تقاضای دولتی مانند خرید پژوهش‌های نیازمحور، شبکه‌سازی بین سیاست‌گذاران و پژوهشگران (تحریک تقاضای خصوصی)، اعزام پژوهشگران به نهادهای سیاست‌گذار (مقررات‌گذاری) و تأمین مالی پروژه‌های مسأله‌محور به‌عنوان خرید خدمات تحقیق و توسعه (رویکردهای نظام‌مند)، بازارسازی برای منافع سیاستی این علوم را ممکن می‌سازند. برخلاف نوآوری‌های فناورانه، پژوهشگر در این فرایند باید از ابتدا تا تدوین راهکار، فعالانه مشارکت کند. طراحی و اجرای چنین ابزارهایی، موجب بروز دستاوردهای علوم انسانی و اجتماعی برای جامعه و در نهایت رساندن آن‌ها از حوزه پژوهش به تقاضا می‌شود، ضمن آنکه پژوهشگران این علوم را قادر به اثبات منافع خود و دریافت بودجه پژوهشی می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Classification of Demand-Side Instruments for the Application of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) Research: A Logical Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elnaz Mesma Khosroshahi 1
  • Sepehr Ghazinoory 2
  • Mahdi Pakzad 3
  • Abolghasem Sarabadani 4
1 PhD Candidate, Science and Technology Policymaking, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Information Technology Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Science and Technology Policy, National Science Policy Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Technology Management, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran: Iran
چکیده [English]

Despite the societal benefits of the humanities and social sciences (HSS), these fields face market and system failures due to insufficient engagement with beneficiaries and limited awareness of market needs; that is, researchers remain unaware of the actual demand of society, while potential users are equally unfamiliar with the services and products these disciplines can provide. The vital role of HSS in addressing grand societal challenges, along with the necessity of demonstrating their capacity to generate economic value in addition to long-term benefits, justifies the classification of demand-side innovation policy instruments for their practical application. Considering the non-academic benefits of HSS in both social and political dimensions, and the dual necessity of market development for social benefits and market creation for political benefits, this article undertakes a systematic literature review and codes the findings of 37 sources within a logical model (examining the outputs, outcomes, and impacts of demand-side instruments, and their roles in developing or creating innovation markets) to classify demand-side instruments for the application of HSS research. The instruments are analyzed in four categories: “public demand,” “stimulating private demand,” “regulation,” and “systemic approaches.” According to the findings, stimulating private demand through cultural vouchers, marketing support schemes, and protective regulatory measures can foster market development in these fields, enhance sales and revenues, and increase the share of cultural and artistic products in the economy. Likewise, public demand instruments—such as networking between policymakers and researchers (to stimulate private demand), embedding researchers in policymaking bodies (regulation), and funding problem-oriented projects as contracted research and development (systemic approaches)— enable market creation for the political benefits of HSS. Unlike technological innovation, researchers in this process are required to actively participate from the outset through to the formulation of policy solutions. The reinterpretation of instruments must emphasize three key criteria—sustained participation, long-term orientation, and a focus on intangible values such as institutional analysis—so that policy instruments can effectively contribute to policymaking. The design and implementation of such instruments will help translate the contributions of HSS into tangible outcomes and ultimately bridge the gap between research and demand, while simultaneously empowering HSS researchers to demonstrate their value and secure research funding.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) research
  • Benefits of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS)
  • application of research
  • Demand-side policy instruments
  • Market-shaping for Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS)
  • Market development for Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS)
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