بازآفرینی نقش پارک‌های علم و فناوری در ایران: راهکارهایی برای عبور از چالش‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مدیریت فناوری، گروه سیاست فناوری و نوآوری، مؤسسه تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار سیاست‌گذاری علم و فناوری، گروه تأمین مالی و اقتصاد علم، فناوری و نوآوری، مؤسسه تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی چالش‌های پیش روی پارک‌های علم و فناوری ایران و ارائه راهکارهایی برای مواجهه با این چالش‌ها و ارتقای اثربخشی پارک‌ها است.
پیشینه: پارک‌های علم و فناوری از دهه 1950 تاکنون، از مراکز پژوهشی صرف به کانون‌های نوآوری و توسعه اقتصادی تبدیل شده‌اند. این پارک‌ها با جذب شرکت‌های خصوصی، ارائه خدمات حمایتی و ایجاد ارتباط بین دانشگاه و صنعت، نقش مهمی در بوم‌سازگان نوآوری ایفا می‌کنند. با وجود قوانین حمایتی متنوع و توسعه کمی این زیرساخت‌ها در سطح کشور، چالش‌های مالی، حاکمیتی، مدیریتی و موانع انتقال دانش و فناوری ازجمله چالش‌هایی است که این پارک‌ها با آن روبه‌رو هستند. پارک‌های علم و فناوری معمولاً با تکیه بر رویکردهای نوین و همکاری با دانشگاه‌ها، ایجاد منابع درآمدی پایدار، بازنگری و اصلاح ساختار مدیریتی، بهره‌برداری بهتر از مزایای قانونی و ... به دنبال مواجهه با این چالش‌ها و ایفای نقش اثربخش‌تر در توسعه اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان هستند.
روش پژوهش: این پژوهش ازنظر جهت‌گیری اصلی، «کاربردی»؛ ازنظر هدف، «اکتشافی»؛ و ازنظر رویکرد، «استقرایی» است. ماهیت این پژوهش که با هدف شناسایی چالش‌های پارک‌های علم و فناوری در ایران و ارائه راهکارها و سیاست‌های پیشنهادی انجام شده است، کیفی و راهبرد پژوهش، نظریه داده‌بنیاد (برپایه) است.
یافته‌ها و نتایج: پس‌از اجرای 8 مصاحبه و انجام مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی، مقوله محوری یعنی «چالش‌های پارک‌های علم و فناوری در ایران» در چهار دسته اصلی «چالش‌های ساختاری و مدیریتی»، «چالش‌های کارکردی»، «چالش‌های حکمرانی» و «چالش‌های تأمین مالی» شناسایی شد. شناسایی و ارائه راهبردهایی ازجمله تحول در ساختار سیاست‌گذاری و مدیریت پارک‌ها، تغییر رویکرد در حکمرانی پارک‌ها، توجه ویژه به فرصت‌ها، مزیت‌ها و چالش‌های منطقه‌ای، توسعه ارتباط با صنعت و استفاده از ظرفیت‌های قانونی از دیگر یافته‌های این پژوهش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Redefining the Role of Science and Technology Parks in Iran: Solutions to Overcome Challenges

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abolfazl Bagheri 1
  • Marzieh Shaverdi 2
1 Faculty Member of Technology and Innovation Policy Department, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran,
2 Faculty Member of STI Financing and Economics Department, National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is to identify the challenges facing Iranian science and technology parks and provide solutions to address these challenges and improve the effectiveness of the parks.
Science and technology parks have evolved from mere research centers to hubs of innovation and economic development since the 1950s. These parks play an important role in innovation ecosystems by attracting private companies, providing support services, and establishing links between universities and industry. Despite diverse support laws and the development of these infrastructures across the country, financial, governance, and management challenges, as well as obstacles to knowledge and technology transfer, are among the challenges these parks face. Science and technology parks usually seek to address these challenges and play a more effective role in knowledge-based economy by relying on innovative approaches and collaboration with universities, creating sustainable sources of income, reviewing and reforming the management structure, better utilizing legal supports, and so on.
This research is "applied" in terms of its main orientation; "exploratory" in terms of its purpose; and "inductive" in terms of its approach. The nature of this research, which aims to identify the challenges of science and technology parks in Iran and provide suggested solutions and policies, is qualitative and the research strategy is grounded theory.
After conducting 8 interviews and performing the stages of open, axial, and selective coding, the core category of “Challenges of Science and Technology Parks in Iran” was identified in four main categories: “Structural and Managerial Challenges”, “Functional Challenges”, “Governance Challenges”, and “Financial Challenges”. Identifying and presenting strategies such as transforming the policy-making and management structure of the parks, changing the approach to park governance, paying special attention to regional opportunities, advantages and challenges, developing communication with industry, and leveraging legal capacities are among other findings of this research.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Science and Technology Park
  • Governance and Management Challenges
  • Functional Challenges
  • Financing Challenges
  • Knowledge-Based Production Leap Law
  • Knowledge-Based and Technology Company

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