کاربست تحلیلی شبکه دانشی در روندیابی علم و فناوری در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیاراقتصاد بین الملل، موسسه تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر، در سطح بین‌المللی، شبکه علم به‌عنوان یکی از ابزارهای نوین و راهبردی تحلیل ساختار دانشی نظام‌های علمی جایگاه مهمی در سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری یافته است. این ابزار با فراهم‌ساختن امکان تحلیل شبکه‌ای از ارتباطات و مجاورت‌های دانشی میان حوزه‌های مختلف علمی، ضمن نمایان ساختن ساختار درونی نظام علم هر کشور، به شناسایی شکاف‌ها و ظرفیت‌های توسعه‌ای کمک شایسته‌ای می‌کند. پژوهش حاضر برای نخستین بار در کشور، از چارچوب «شبکه علم» بر مبنای شاخص مزیت نسبی آشکارشده برای تحلیل ساختار تولیدات علمی ایران بهره گرفته است و با هدف بررسی کاربردهای بالفعل و بالقوه شبکه علم در رصد تحولات علمی کشور و تدوین سیاست‌های مبتنی بر شواهد، به تحلیل ساختار تولیدات علمی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در بازه زمانی ۲۰۱۹ تا ۲۰۲۳ پرداخته است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، از شاخص مزیت نسبی آشکارشده به همراه رویکرد تحلیل شبکه‌ای و بر اساس داده‌های معتبر پایگاه سایمگو استفاده شده و نتایج حاصله با کشورهای منتخب از جنبه مقایسه تطبیقی بررسی شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که ساختار علمی ایران عمدتاً به صورت ساختاریافته و هدفمند در حوزه‌های پزشکی، علوم پایه و مهندسی شکل گرفته است و همزمان ضعف نسبی مشهودی در حوزه‌های علوم انسانی، میان‌رشته‌ای و محیط‌زیست به چشم می‌خورد. شبکه علم، مرزهای دانشی، شکاف‌های موجود و مسیرهای بالقوه توسعه علمی را تبیین کرده و بستری برای تصمیم‌سازی هدفمند در طراحی سیاست‌های پژوهشی، تخصیص بهینه منابع و جهت‌دهی به اولویت‌های آینده ایجاد می‌کند. نوآوری پژوهش حاضر در ارائه چارچوبی تحلیلی و کاربردی برای تلفیق کارویژه‌های رصد علمی با تصمیم‌سازی سیاستی بر پایه ساختار دانشی کشور است که می‌تواند نقش مهمی در ارتقای اثربخشی و کارایی نظام سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری ایران و تسهیل حرکت از رشد کمی صرف به توسعه متوازن و کیفی ایفا نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical application of science space in science and technology trending in Iran

نویسنده [English]

  • Behrooz Shahmoradi
, Assistant Professor International Economics.National Research Institute for Science Policy (NRISP), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, at the international level, the science space has emerged as one of the modern and strategic tools for analyzing the knowledge structure of scientific systems, gaining a significant position in science and technology policy-making. By enabling network-based analysis of the connections and proximities between different scientific fields, this tool not only reveals the internal structure of a country’s scientific system but also makes a valuable contribution to identifying gaps and developmental capacities. For the first time in the country, this study employs the “science space” framework, based on the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, to analyze the structure of Iran’s scientific output. With the aim of examining the actual and potential applications of the science network in monitoring national scientific developments and designing evidence-based policies, it analyzes the structure of Iran’s scientific production during the 2019–2023 period. To achieve this goal, the RCA index was combined with a network analysis approach, drawing on reliable data from the Scimago database, and the results were comparatively assessed against selected benchmark countries. The findings show that Iran’s scientific structure has predominantly evolved in a structured and targeted manner within the fields of medicine, basic sciences, and engineering, while exhibiting noticeable relative weaknesses in the humanities, interdisciplinary studies, and environmental sciences. The science network elucidates the boundaries of knowledge, existing gaps, and potential pathways for scientific development, providing a foundation for targeted decision-making in research policy design, optimal resource allocation, and future priority setting. The novelty of this study lies in offering an analytical and practical framework that integrates the functions of scientific monitoring with policy-making based on the country’s knowledge structure—an approach that can play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of Iran’s science and technology policy system, and in facilitating the transition from purely quantitative growth to balanced and qualitative development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Science Map
  • Science Policy
  • Scientific Monitoring
  • Analysis of Scientific Output
  • Knowledge Structure Analysis

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