دیپلماسی ورزش- فناوری: یک بررسی تطبیقی و درس آموزه هایی برای ایران

Abbaszadeh Fathabadi, M. & Moradi, S. (2023). Comparing the Sports Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Qatar. Diplomatic Interactions, 1 (4), 157-193. doi: 10.22034/dpiq.2023.195092. {In Persian}.
Algan, E., & Kaptan, Y. (2021). Turkey’s TV celebrities as cultural envoys: The role of celebrity diplomacy in nation branding and the pursuit of soft power. Popular Communication, 19 (3), 222-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2021.1888345
Al-Muhannadi, A. (2024). How Has Sports Diplomacy Contributed to The Growth of Soft Power and Nation-Branding in Qatar?. Journal of Politics and Governance, 14 (3), 1–21. Retrieved from https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jopag/article/view/276303
Andreja, S. (2018). The Aspects of National Branding: Conceptual and Theoretical Framework. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4 (3: November 29, 2018), 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i3.p45-53.
Anholt, S. (2010). Places: Identity, image and reputation. Palgrave Macmillan.
Arning, C. (2013). Soft power, ideology and symbolic manipulation in Summer Olympic Games opening ceremonies: A semiotic analysis. Social Semiotics, 23, 523–544.
Athlete 365. (July 9, 2021). President Bach sends message to Olympians. Olympics. Retrieved from https://olympics.com/athlete365/games-time/president-bach-sends-message-to-olympians/
Avraham, E. (2009). Marketing and managing nation branding during prolonged crisis: The case of Israel. Journal of Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 5, 202–212.
Ayhan, K. J. (2019). The Boundaries of Public Diplomacy and Nonstate Actors: A Taxonomy of Perspectives. International Studies Perspectives, 20 (1), 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/isp/eky010
Ber, R., Yarchi, M., & Galily, Y. (2017). The sporting arena as a public diplomacy battlefield: The Palestinian attempt to suspend Israel from FIFA. The Journal of International Communication, 23 (2), 218-230.‏
Bjola, C., Cassidy, J., & Manor, I. (2019). Public Diplomacy in the Digital Age. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 14 (1-2), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-14011032
Bolin, G., & Ståhlberg, P. (2015). Mediating the Nation-State: Agency and The Media in Nation-Branding Campaigns. International Journal Of Communication, 9, 19. Retrieved from https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/3557
Bonyadi Naeini, A., & Saduq, S. M. (2017). Identifying factors affecting the development of science and technology diplomacy. Quarterly Journal of Soft Studies, 17 (7), 84–60. https:// www.spba.ir/article_48694.html?lang=en
Buhmann, A. & Ingenhoff, D. (2015). The 4D Model of the country image: An integrative approach from the perspective Of communication management. The International Communication Gazette, 77, 102–124.
Chadwick, S., Widdop, P., & Burton, N. (2020). Soft Power Sports Sponsorship – A Social Network Analysis of a New Sponsorship Form. Journal of Political Marketing, 21 (2), 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2020.1723781
Chen, Z. (2024). Sustainability Evaluation of Sports Tourism Using a Linguistic Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria DecisionMaking Method. PloS One, 19 (3), e0300341. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300341
Colosseum. (2020a). Sport tech: New decade new era. Colosseum. https://www.colos seums port.com/repor ts.
Cull, N. J. (2011). WikiLeaks, public diplomacy 2.0. and the state of digital public diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 7 (1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1057/pb.2011.2.
Cull, N. J. (2008). Public diplomacy: Taxonomies and histories. Annals of the American Academy of Political Science, 616 (1), 31–54.
Dart, J. (2016). “Brand Israel”: Hasbara and Israeli sport. Sport in Society, 19, 1402–1418.
Davidson, W. D., & Montville, J. V. (1981). Foreign Policy According to Freud. Foreign Policy, Vol. 45, Winter 1981–1982.
Hu, T. (2024). Coupling Development of Sports Industry and Tourism Industry Based on Internet of Things. PLoS One, 19 (4), e0299080. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299080
Dubinsky, Y. (2019). Analyzing the roles of country image, nation branding, and public diplomacy through the evolution of the modern olympic movement. Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research, 84 (1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2019-0024.
Dubinsky, Y. (2019a). From soft power to sports diplomacy: A theoretical and conceptual discussion. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 15, 156-164.
Dubinsky, Y. (2020). OCOGs and International Media: A Self-Analysis of Covering Beijing 2008, London 2012, and Rio de Janeiro 2016. International Journal of Sport and Society, 11, 23-37. doi:10.18848/2152-7857/CGP/v11i02/23-37
Dubinsky, Y. (2022). Sport-Tech diplomacy at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. CPD perspectives on public diplomacy. USC Center for Public Diplomacy andFigueroa Press. Retrieved from https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/sites/default/iles/Sport- Tech%20Diplomacy_11.21.22.pdf
Dubinsky, Y. (2022b). Sport-Tech Diplomacy: Exploring the intersections between the sport tech ecosystem, innovation, and diplomacy in Israel. Place Branding & Public Diplomacy, 18 (2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254020-00191-2
Dubinsky, Y., & Dzikus, L. (2018). Israel’s country image in the 2016 Olympic Games. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254- 018- 0105- y.
Duncombe, C. (2018). Twitter and the challenges of digital diplomacy. SAIS Review of International Afairs, 38 (2), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1353/sais.2018.0019.
Frevel, N., Schmidt, S. L., Beiderbeck, D., Penkert, B., & Subirana, B. (2023). Taxonomy of sportstech. In 21st century sports: How technologies will change sports in the digital age (pp. 17-39). Cham: Springer International Publishing.‏ 
Baghban, M., & Sanaie, A. (2024). Explaining the Science and Technology Diplomacy Approaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 14 (2), 44-58. {In Persian}.
Bijani, M. (2005). Diplomacy through time. Political and Economic Journal, 221-222. {In Persian}.
Fryer, J. (2021). Pandemic Olympics endured heat, and now a typhoon’s en route. AP. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/article/2020-tokyo-olympics-pandemic-heat typhoona610dddd9edb564e69ea4e98100180cd
Ganohariti, R., & Dijxhoorn, E. (2020). Para-and proto-sports diplomacy of contested territories: CONIFA as a platform for football diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 15 (3), 329354. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191XBJA10012
Gilboa, E. (2006). Public diplomacy: The missing component in Israel’s foreign.
Grewal, D., & Levy, M. (2021). Marketing (7th ed.). McGraw Hill.Hacket, C., & McClendon D. (2017, April 5). Christians remain world’s largest religious group, but they are declining in Europe. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact- tank/2017/04/05/christians- remain- worlds- largest- religious- group- but- they- are- declining- in- europe/
Grix, J., Brannagan, P. M., & Lee, D. (2019).Qatar’s global sports strategy: Soft power and the 2022 World Cup. In J. Grix, P. M.Brannagan, & D. Lee (Eds.), Entering the global arena: Emerging states, soft power strategies and sports mega-events (pp. 97-110). Springer.
Grix, J., Jeong, J. B., & Kim, H. (2021). Understanding South Korea’s use of sports mega-events for domestic, regional and international soft power. Societies, 11 (4), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc11040144
Haghirian, M., & Robles-Gil, P. (2021). Soft power and the 2022 World Cup in Qatar: Learning from experiences of past mega-sporting event hosts. Tajseer Journal, 3 (2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.5339/tajseer.2021.2
Harif, H. (2011). Zionism of muscles – The political functions of representative sport.
Ganjidoost, M. (2008). The developments of diplomacy in the information age. Political quarterly, 38 (1). {In Persian}.
Ghadimi, A. (2017). Function of science and technology diplomacy in islamic republic of iran and united states of america. Political quarterly, 47 (1), 139-157. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2017.60778. {In Persian}.
Hartig, M. (2016). How China Understands Public Diplomacy: The Importance of National Image for National Interests. International Studies Review, 18 (4), 655–680.https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viw007
Hassman, R. (2008). The Israel brand nation marketing under constantconlict [Policy paper]. Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University Press. https://doi.org/10.1057/s4125401900118-0
Ravet, H. (2019). Former Reebok President joins Hype, an Israeli investment fund in sports technologies. Calcalist. https://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L3759734,00.html. [Hebrew]. https://technosports.co.in/2020/04/19/india-becomes-asias-no-1-sportstech-nation/.
Imran, S. (2017). Reshaping the National Image of Azerbaijan through Nation Branding Endeavours. Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 20 (4), 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2017.20.4.33.in Eretz Israel ad in the State of Israel, 1898–1960. Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.
Kandakkeel, I. I. (2020). Meeting the demands of classic and contemporary – A study on the traditional representations of Qatari heritage in nation branding, with special reference to mainstream logos and social media analysis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Hamad Bin Khalifa University (Qatar).
Kaufman, H., & Galily, Y. (2009). Sport, Zionist ideology and the State of Israel. Sport in Society, 12, 1013–1027.https://www.jpost.com/israel- news/sports/israeli- participation- in- uae-world-tour- affects- more- than- the- race-track- 619081
Kayani, S. A. ., & Rehman, M. S. ur. (2022). Employing nation branding and public diplomacy: strategies for pakistan. Margalla Papers, 26 (I), 34–46. https://doi.org/10.54690/margallapapers.26.I.96
Kelly, S. (2021). Sports tech diplomacy: the new Olympics. Dr. Sarah Kelly. Retrieved from https://www.drsarahkelly.com.au/sports-tech-diplomacy-the-new-olympics/
Kiani, M. S., & Nazari, L. (2024). The Position of Diplomacy in Sport as a Discourse of Peace and Health Development in the Contemporary World (Case Study: Iran’s Sport System). Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 20 (1), 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/15423166241304237 (Original work published 2025)
Kramareva, N., & Grix, J. (2021). Understanding public diplomacy, nation branding, and soft power in showcasing places via sports mega-events. In N. Papadopoulos, & M.Cleveland (Eds.), Marketing countries, places,and place-associated brands (pp. 298-318). Edward Elgar Publishing.
L’Hoeste, H.F. (2020). Nation Branding: Neoliberalism, Identity, and Social Media. In Héctor Fernández L'Hoeste, and Juan Carlos Rodríguez (eds), Digital Humanities in Latin America (Gainesville, FL, 2020; online edn, Florida Scholarship Online, 17 Sept. 2020), https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401476.003.0004, accessed 29 Nov. 2024.
Lebedeva, M. M. (2020). Conceptual Transformations of Public Diplomacy. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 13 (5), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2020-5-74-293-306.
Lee Ludvigsen, J. A., Rookwood, J., & Parnell, D. (2022). The sport mega-events of the 2020s: Governance, impacts and controversies. Sport in Society, 25 (4), 705-711. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2021.1908390
Liu, Z. (2023). Features of China’s Sports Diplomacy. Sociopolitical Sciences, 13 (3),. 138–144. (In Rus.) DOI: 10.33693/2223-0092-2023-13-3-138-144. EDN: GDEUOI
Manor, I. (2019). The digitalization of public diplomacy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Martynenko, S. E., Trusova, A. A., & Cherniaev, M. S. (2019). Ping-Pong Diplomacy: Impact on the Establishment of Sino-US Relations. Vestnik RUDN. International Relations, 19 (1), 139-147. doi: 10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-1-139-147.
McDonald, J. W., & Bendahmane, D. B. (Eds.). (1987). Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy. Foreign Service Institute, US Dept. of State.
Murray, S. (2018). Sports diplomacy: Origins, theory and practice. NY: Routledge.
Nachlieli, N., & Siminian, O. (2019, August 28). Gone with the click: Israeli sports does not adopt technologies. Calcalist. Retrieved from https://www.calcalist.co.il/sport/articles/0,7340,L- 3769179,00.html. [Hebrew].
Murray, S., & Pigman, G. A. (2013). Mapping the relationship between international sport and diplomacy. Sport in Society, 17 (9), 1098–1118. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.856616
Næss, H. E. (2023). A figurational approach to soft power and sport events: The case of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022™. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1142878. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1142878
Netzloff, M. (2020). Agents beyond the state: the writings of English travelers, soldiers, and diplomats in Early Modern Europe. Oxford University Press, USA.‏ https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857952.003.0004
Ntelezi, A. I. (2024). Indigenous Games as a Catalyst for Sport Tourism Development in South Africa. International Conference on Tourism Research, 7 (1), 453-460. https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.7.1.2048
Oksana, B. (2021). Culture as a nation branding tool within the international interaction system. Culture and arts in the modern world, 22, 22-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2410-1915.22.2021.235887
Olympics. (September 25, 2016). Rio 2016 Closing Ceremony Full HD Replay | Rio 2016 Olympic Games. YouTube.Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sssc5eLjLoMQ.
Hersij, H. (2001). Comparative method: What, why, and how to use it in political science. Journal of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, 13 (1), 7-18. {In Persian}.
Izadi, J. (2010). Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran (foreign policy, nuclear energy) (1st ed.). Tehran: Abrar Moaser Publishing. {In Persian}.
Mesbah, E. (2014). Classical diplomacy and its modern form in Iran. Siyasat Quarterly, 4. {In Persian}.
Mirzaei, J. (2018). Comparative study of disaster management structure in Iran, Japan, India and Turkey. Strategic Studies of public policy, 7 (25), 245-289. {In Persian}.
Moghimi, T, Arasteh, H., & Mohamadkhani, K. (2017). Science and technology diplomacy improvement and the Impact of higher education. Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education, 23 (3), 1-20. doi: 10.22034/irphe.2017.707074. {In Persian}.
Moradi, M. (2023). Proposing strategies to strengthen the sports diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the international arena. Tehran: Research Center of the Islamic Parliament of Iran. {In Persian}.
Mousavi gargari, S. S. , Bonar, N., & Shafiee, S. (2023). Designing the Model of Factors Affecting on Promotion of Sports Diplomacy of Iran. Sport Management Studies, 14 (76), 75-104. doi: 10.22089/smrj.2021.9718.3249. {In Persian}.
Pedersen, P. M., Ruihley, B. J., & Li, B. (2021). Sport and the pandemic. NY: Routledge.
Pigman, G. A. (2014). International sport and diplomacy's public dimension: Governments, sporting federations and the global audience. Diplomacy & statecraft, 25 (1), 94-114.‏
Pop, N. A.., Baba, C. A., Anysz, R. N. & Tohanean, D. (2020). National branding strategy and its effects on business and tourism. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 14 (1), 1005-1013. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2020-0095.
Raftowicz-Filipkiewicz, M. (2012). Nation Branding as an Economic Challenge for the Countries of the Middle and Eeast Europe on the Example of Estonia. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 7 (4), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.12775/EQUIL.2012.026.
Richelieu, A., Lin, Y. C., & Leng, H. K. (2021). A typology of countries using place branding through sport. Journal of Global Sport Management, 1-19.
Rookwood, J., & Adeosun, K. (2023). Nation branding and public diplomacy: Examining Japan’s 2019 Rugby World Cup and 2020 (21) Olympic Games in the midst of a global economic downturn and the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Global Sport Management, 8 (3), 573-593.
Roy, R. (2020). India becomes Asia’s No. 1 SportsTech nation. TechnoSports.
Saberi, D., Paris, C. M., & Marochi, B. (2018). Soft power and place branding in the United Arab Emirates: Examples of the tourism and film industries. International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy, 4 (1), 44-58.‏ https://doi.org/10.1504/IJDIPE.2018.091405
Peymanfar, M., Elahi, A., Sajjadpour, S. M. K., & Hamidi, M. (2019). Assessment of Sports Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran Using the TOPSIS Model. Socio-Cultural Strategy, 8 (3), 163-178. {In Persian}.
Rezaei Mirqaed, M. A. (2006). Iran's future in the horizon of perspectives (1st ed.). Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Publishin. {In Persian}.
Salahi Kojour, A., & Dousti, M. (2023). Development of Sport Diplomacy on Horizon, Second Step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Realization of the landscape of 2041. International Quarterly of Foreign Relations, 15 (1), 59-84. doi: 10.22034/fr.2023.354826.1283. {In Persian}.
Senor, D., & Singer, S. (2009). Start-up nation: The story of Israel’s economic mir-acle.Twelve.
Shariati, F. M. (2019). A comparative study of sport diplomacy in the development of foreign relations of Iran and selected countries. Journal of Political Science, 1 (29), 125–148. https://sid.ir/paper/ 134459/en
Shiu, R. N. (2016). Sports Diplomacy in the Pacific: Developing Pacific Rugby League Elite Athletes for Diplomacy and Development. Department of Pacific Affairs, (2016/11), 1-2.
Smyth, D. (2022). Why are Ethiopian endurance rubbers so success-ful? Runner’s World. Retrieved from https://www.runnersworld.com/uk/ training/motivation/a42108849/ethiopian- running- success/
Statista. (2020). Distribution of sports technology companies in Europe in 2018, by country. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/948501/sports-technology-start up-companies-distributi on-europe-by-country/.
Shafiee, N., & Shokri Moghadam, A. (2014). Technological diplomacy of Iran with emphasis on defensive and security technologies. Political and International Researches Quarterly, 6 (19), 235-269. {In Persian}.
Shariati Feizabadi, M., & Monazzami, A. (2021). The Empirical Model of Sport in Development of Public Diplomacy. Communication Management in Sport Media, 8 (3), 13-26. doi:10.30473/jsm.2020.52137.1398 {In Persian}.
Simbar, R. (2006). The special functions of modern diplomacy in international relations: Mutual influences and effects. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 20 (1). {In Persian}.
Szmytke, R. (2021). Tourism promotion system in Poland in the context of selected National Strategic Documents. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 13 (6), 14.‏ doi: 10.29359/BJHPA.13.Spec.Iss1.14
Tabarinzeva-Romanova, K. M., & Negasheva, A. G. (2022). International Skating Union (Isu) As A Sports Diplomacy Actor. https://doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2022-6-2-256-265
Tamaki, T. (2019). Repackaging national identity: Cool Japan and the resilience of Japanese identity narratives. Asian Journal of Political Science, 27 (1), 108–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2019.1594323
Trofymenko, M (2023). Transformation of public diplomacy in the conditions of globalization and digitalization: methodological principles and practical aspects (Ukrainian case). (2023). Series: History. Political Science, 35-36, 141-154. https://doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2023-13-35-36-141-154
Waldron, T. (2021). The Olympic Games Are A Moral Disaster. Huffpost. Retrieved from: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tokyo-olympics-covid-19cancel_n_60df3754e4b0ad1785db6686
Wang, S. (2021). The ‘hottest games ever’: Summer heat threatens athletes. CNN. Retrieved from: https://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2021/07/30/tokyo-olympics-athletesheat-stroke-selina-wang-pkg-ctw-intl-ldn-vpx.cnn
Wu, H. D. (2023). Post-truth public diplomacy: a detrimental trend of cross-national communication and how open societies address it. Journal of International Communication, 29, 20-38.
Vahidi, M. (2007). The changing international arena and the transformation of the nature of diplomacy. Foreign Policy Quarterly, 2. {In Persian}.
Yazdanpanah, M., Moradi, M., & Asgarkhani, A. M. (2024). Scientific and technological diplomacy and regional development of Iran. International Relations Researches, 13 (4), 175-191. doi: 10.22034/irr.2024.195854. {In Persian}.
Zhao, J. (2022). Sports Diplomacy of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era: Opportunities and Challenge. MATEC Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236501035
Zhi, C & Lou, Y. (2004). Developing Perspective,Influencing Factors and Course of Sports Diplomacy of New China. (9), 12-15.