تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تجاری‌سازی فناوری بر اساس رویکرد پارامتری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیارسیاستگذاری علم و فناوی، پژوهشکده مطالعات فنّاوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیارمهندسی صنایع، پژوهشکده مطالعات فنّاوری‌های نوین، سازمان پژوهش‌های علمی و صنعتی ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اهمیت تجاری‌سازی فناوری و نقش آن در سودآوری از اختراعات و دستاوردهای پژوهشی، بر کسی پوشیده نیست. ازاین‌رو، پژوهش‌های بسیاری به شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی عوامل دخیل در موفقیت یا شکست نوآوری و تجاری‌سازی فناوری پرداخته و مدل‌های گوناگونی ارائه نموده‌اند. رویکردهای مختلفی به تجاری‌سازی ارائه شده است که می‌توان تحت سه رویکرد فرایندی، ساختاری و پرامتری دسته‌بندی نمود. اما تعدد و تفاوت موجود در مدل‌ها و عوامل مرتبط، خود به یک چالش بر سر راه فناوران تبدیل شده تا نتوانند به درستی درکی از ابعاد و جنبه‌های مهم این موضوع به دست آورند. این پژوهش با هدف تحلیل عوامل موثر بر تجاری‌سازی موجود در ادبیات، و طبقه‌بندی آن بر اساس رویکرد پارامتری در تجاری‌سازی، سعی کرده تا این شکاف را پوشش دهد و یک دسته‌بندی جامع از عوامل و پارامترهای تجاری‌سازی فناوری ارائه نماید. در این پژوهش، مرور نظام‌مند مقالات و گزارش پژوهش‌های پیشین با رویکرد تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام شد و تحلیل داده‌ها با کدگذاری در سه مرحله (کدگذاری باز، مقوله‌بندی، مضمون‌سازی) و به کمک نرم افزار MAXQDA صورت گرفت. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد تمامی عوامل و مؤلفه‌های مرتبط با تجاری‌سازی فناوری که در ادبیات آمده را می‌توان در پنج بُعد نوع فناوری، توسعه‌دهنده فناوری، گیرنده فناوری، روش‌های تجاری‌سازی و محیط تقاضا یا صنعت جانمایی کرد. در این پژوهش، سعی شده است تمامی زیرمعیارهای مرتبط با تجاری‌سازی با جزئیات در این 5 دسته تقسیم‌بندی شود. همچنین با توجه به تکرار زیرمعیارها در ادبیات، نیاز به دارایی‌های مکمل، نظام مالکیت فکری، چرخه عمر محصول-بازار، راهبردهای تجاری‌سازی، حجم بازار، رقبا، ساختار صنعت و خصوصیات فردی فناوران (دانشمندان)، ازجمله کلیدی‌ترین زیرپارامترهای شناسایی‌شده در این پژوهش بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of Factors Affecting Technology Commercialization Based on the Parametric Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Moslem Mousavi Dorcheh 1
  • Amirhassan Ranjbar 1
  • Yasser Emamian 2
1 Assistant professor of Science and Technology Policy, Department of Technology Development Studies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor of Industrial Engineering, Department of Technology Development Studies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The importance of technology commercialization and its role in transforming inventions and research outputs into economic value has been widely recognized. Accordingly, numerous studies have identified and categorized factors influencing the success or failure of innovation and commercialization, proposing various conceptual models. However, the diversity and inconsistency of these models have created challenges for researchers in developing a coherent understanding of the key dimensions of commercialization. This study emphasizes that commercialization extends beyond the linear “idea-to-market” process (vertical commercialization) and also includes inter-organizational technology transfer (horizontal commercialization). In practice, commercialization may occur both within and between institutions, such as from universities to industry and firms.
This study aims to systematically analyze the factors affecting technology commercialization in the existing literature and to classify them using a parametric approach, thereby providing a comprehensive framework of commercialization dimensions and parameters. A systematic review of prior studies was conducted using qualitative content analysis, with data coded in three stages through MAXQDA software.
The findings indicate that technology commercialization factors can be organized into five core dimensions: transfer agent, transfer medium, transfer object, transfer recipient, and demand environment. Key categories identified include complementary assets, intellectual property systems, product and market life cycles, commercialization strategies, market size, competition, industry structure, and researchers’ individual characteristics.
The transfer object refers to the intellectual property being commercialized, whose functional value, market suitability, imitability, and dependence on complementary assets are critical determinants. Market orientation and customer understanding play central roles in assessing technology value and guiding R&D activities.
The transfer agent dimension encompasses team structure, networking activities, management practices, innovation culture, and researchers’ personal attributes. Organizational culture and alignment between academic and industrial objectives significantly influence commercialization outcomes.
For the transfer recipient, three essential capabilities are identified: recognizing technological opportunities, making timely decisions to exploit them, and achieving organizational transformation. These capabilities depend on decentralized learning structures, adaptive business models, and managerial support for innovation.
The transfer medium, or commercialization method, includes formal, informal, and hybrid mechanisms such as spin-offs, licensing, mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances, joint ventures, and consortiums. The choice of method is contingent upon the characteristics of the technology, organizations, and market conditions.
Finally, the commercialization environment comprises both demand-side factors—market size, growth rates, competition, pricing, and product life cycles—and broader macro conditions, including economic, political, social, and cultural stability. Although largely beyond the control of technology developers, these factors must be carefully monitored due to their substantial influence on commercialization success.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technology Commercialization
  • Technology Transfer
  • Technology Development Management
  • Parametric Approach
  • Content Analysis

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